References
- 1UNICEF, WHO, World Bank Group.
Levels and Trends in Child Malnutrition . UNICEF, World Health Organization, World Bank Group; 2017. - 2Bredenkamp C, Buisman LR, Van de Poel E. Persistent inequalities in child undernutrition: Evidence from 80 countries, from 1990 to today. Int J Epidemiol. 2014; 43(4): 1328–1335. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu075
- 3Medhin G, Hanlon C, Dewey M, et al. Prevalence and predictors of undernutrition among infants aged six and twelve months in Butajira, Ethiopia: The P-MaMiE Birth Cohort. BMC Public Health. 2010; 10(27). DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-27
- 4Christian P, Lee SE, Angel MD, et al. Risk of childhood undernutrition related to small-for-gestational age and preterm birth in low- and middle-income countries. Int J Epidemiol. 2013; 42(5): 1340–1355. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyt109
- 5Kakooza-Mwesige A, Tumwine JK, Eliasson A-C, Namusoke HK, Forssberg H. Malnutrition is common in Ugandan children with cerebral palsy, particularly those over the age of five and those who had neonatal complications. Acta Paediatr. 2015; 104: 1259–1268. DOI: 10.1111/apa.13089
- 6Chawanpaiboon S, Moller A-B, Lumbiganon P, et al. Global, regional, and national estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: A systematic review and modelling analysis. Lancet Glob Health. Published online 2018. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30451-0
- 7Lee AC, Katz J, Blencowe H, et al. National and regional estimates of term and preterm babies born small for gestational age in 138 low-income and middle-income countries in 2010. Lancet Glob Health. 2013; 1: e26–36. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70006-8
- 8National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) [Rwanda], Ministry of Health (MOH) [Rwanda], ICF International.
Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2014–15 . NISR, MOH and ICF International; 2015. - 9Kirk CM, Uwamungu JC, Wilson K, et al. Health, nutrition, and development of children born preterm and low birth weight in rural Rwanda: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr. 2017; 17(191). DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0946-1
- 10Ngabireyimana E, Mutaganzwa C, Kirk CM, et al. A retrospective review of the Pediatric Development Clinic implementation: A model to improve medical, nutritional and developmental outcomes of at-risk under-five children in rural Rwanda. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol. 2017; 3(13): 1–11. DOI: 10.1186/s40748-017-0052-2
- 11Wallander JL, Bann CM, Biasini FJ, et al. Development of children at risk for adverse outcomes participating in early intervention in developing countries: A randomized controlled trial. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2014; 55(11): 1251–1259. DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12247
- 12Milner KM, Neal EFG, Roberts G, Steer AC, Duke T. Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome in high-risk newborns in resource-limited settings: A systematic review of the literature. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2015; 35(3): 227–242. DOI: 10.1179/2046905515Y.0000000043
- 13National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) [Rwanda], Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MINECOFIN) [Rwanda]. Rwanda Fourth Population and Housing Census. Thematic Report: Population Size, Structure and Distribution; 2012.
- 14Seebregts CJ, Mamlin BW, Biondich PG, et al. The OpenMRS Implementers Network. Int J Med Inf. 2009; 78: 711–720. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2008.09.005
- 15World Health Organization.
WHO Child Growth Standards: Length/Height-for-Age, Weight-for-Age, Weight-for-Length, Weight-for-Height and Body Mass Index-for-Age: Methods and Development . World Health Organization; 2006. - 16Dewey KG, Brown KH. Update on technical issues concerning complementary feeding of young children in developing countries and implications for intervention programs. 2003; 24(1): 5–28. DOI: 10.1177/156482650302400102
- 17World Health Organization. Infant and Young Child Feeding: Model Chapter for Textbooks for Medical Students and Allied Health Professionals 2009.
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/9789241597494/en/ . - 18Villar J, Ismail LC, Victora CG, et al. International standards for newborn weight, length, and head circumference by gestational age and sex: The Newborn Cross-Sectional Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. The Lancet. 2014; 384(9946): 857–868. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60932-6
- 19Republic of Rwanda. Rwanda Community Based Health Insurance Policy. Published online 2010.
- 20Mfitimana V. Better living standards see Ubudehe categories revised. The EastAfrican. Published online. 2014.
- 21Republic of Rwanda. Community-led Ubudehe Categorisation Kicks Off 2015.
http://www.gov.rw/news_detail/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1054&cHash=a315a8b0054e76f9c699f05ce24d3eb8 . - 22van den Boogaard W, Zuniga I, Manzi M, et al. How do low-birthweight neonates fare 2 years after discharge from a low-technology neonatal care unit in a rural district hospital in Burundi? Trop Med Int Health. 2017; 22(4): 423–430. DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12845
- 23Kerac M, Postels DG, Mallewa M, et al. The interaction of malnutrition and neurologic disability in Africa. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2014; 21: 42–49. DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2014.01.003
- 24Abebe Z, Anlay DZ, Biadgo B, et al. High prevalence of undernutrition among children in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. Int J Pediatr. Published online 2017. DOI: 10.1155/2017/5367070
- 25Beck K, Kirk CM, Mutaganzwa C, Bradford J, Bigirumwami O, Nahimana E. The Paediatric Development Clinic: A model to improve outcomes for high-risk children aged under-five in rural Rwanda. Emerg Nutr Netw Field Exch. 2018; 58: 51–53.
- 26Aggarwal S, Chadha R, Pathak R. Nutritional status and growth in children with cerebral palsy: A review. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2015; 4(6). DOI: 10.5455/ijmsph.2015.15012015192
- 27Kuperminc MN, Stevenson RD. Growth and nutrition disorders in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2008; 14(2): 137–146. DOI: 10.1002/ddrr.14
- 28Sania A, Spiegelman D, Rich-Edwards J, et al. The contribution of preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction to infant mortality in Tanzania. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2014; 28: 23–31. DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12085
- 29Stevenson RD, Conaway M, Chumlea WC, et al. Growth and health in children with moderate-to-severe cerebral palsy. Pediatrics. 2006; 118(3): 1010–1018. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2006-0298
- 30Darteh EKM, Acquah E, Darteh F. Why are our children wasting: Determinants of wasting among under 5s in Ghana. Nutr Health. 2017; 23(3): 159–166.
- 31World Health Organization.
Complementary Feeding: Report of the Global Consultation, and Summary of Guiding Principles for Complementary Feeding of the Breastfed Child . World Health Organization; 2002. - 32Zhou H, Wang X-L, Ye F, Zeng XL, Wang Y. Relationship between child feeding practices and malnutrition in 7 remote and poor counties, P R China. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2012; 21(2): 234–240.
- 33McDonald CM, Olofin I, Flaxman S, et al. The effect of multiple anthropometric deficits on child mortality: Meta-analysis of individual data in 10 prospective studies from developing countries. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013; 97(4): 896–901. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.047639
- 34Black RE, Victoria CG, Walker SP, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. Published online 2013: 427–451. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60937-X
- 35Danaei G, Andrews KG, Sudfeld CR, et al. Risk factors for childhood stunting in 137 developing countries: A comparative risk assessment analysis at global, regional, and country levels. PLoS Med. 2016; 13(11). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002164