Table 1
Quality checklist for assessment of the suitability of prediction models as per the ATS guidelines.
| S No | Assessment criteria |
|---|---|
| 1 | Use of acceptable methods and equipment for measurement of lung function parameters |
| 2 | Adequately defined sample size for prediction models |
| 3 | Adequately described statistical methodology protocol for prediction equation generation |
| 4 | Reporting parameters of regression diagnostics |
| 5 | Validation of prediction models on independent study samples |
| 6 | Inclusion of age and height as independent predictor variables for lung function parameters |
| 7 | Separate prediction models for male and female subjects |
| 8 | Reporting lower limit of normal values or information regarding calculation of the same |
Figure 1
Flowchart for inclusion of articles in the study.
Table 2
Characteristics of the articles for Indian prediction models included in the analysis.
| S No | Author | Sample size | Age group | Gender | Regression model | Separate model | Regression diagnostics | Pulmonary parameters | Instrument used | Detailed method | Quality Score | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Parmar et al. 1977 | 595 | 6–16 years | Boys and Girls | Linear regression model | Yes | No coefficient reported | PEFR | Wright Peak Flow meter | No | 37.5 | 37 |
| 2 | Singh & Peri et al. 1978 | 663 | 4–16 years | Boys and Girls | Linear regression model | Yes | R2, SEE reported | PEFR | Wright Peak Flow meter | No | 37.5 | 17 |
| 3 | Singh et al. 1979 | 851 | 17–70 years | Males and Females | Linear regression model | Yes | R, SEE reported | PEFR | Peak Flow meter | No | 62.5 | 34 |
| 4 | Malik et al. 1981 | 605 | 5–16 years | Boys and Girls | Linear regression model | Yes | R2, SEE reported | PEFR | Wright Peak Flow meter | No | 50 | 30 |
| 5 | Gupta et al. 1982 | 1427 | 3–22+ years | Males and Females | Linear, Interaction, General, Proportional, Multiplicative, Polynomial | Yes | RSD reported, homogeneity of variance tested | PEFR | Wright Peak Flow meter | No | 75 | 31 |
| 6 | Aundhakar, et al. 1985 | 515 | 6–15 years | Boys and Girls | Linear regression model | Yes | R2 reported | PEFR | Wright Peak Flow meter | No | 37.5 | 9 |
| 7 | Udwadia et al. 1987 | 760 | <30 years and> 30years | Males and Females | Multiple linear regression model | Yes | R, R2 and SD around the regression line reported (Sy.x). | FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEF, FEF25–75%, Vmax50%, Vmax75% | Computerized spirometer | No | 87.5 | 37 |
| 8 | Chatterjee et al. 1988 | 334 | 20–60 years | Males | Multiple linear regression model | No | R, R2 and SEE | FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEF, FEF25–75%, Vmax50%, Vmax75% | Wright Peak Flow meter | Yes | 75 | 18 |
| 9 | Vijayan et al. 1990 | 247 | 15–40 years | Males and Females | Linear regression model | Yes | R2, SEE reported | FVC, FEV, FRC, TLC, VA | Spirometer | Yes | 87.5 | 80 |
| 10 | Dikshit et al. 1991 | 127 | 55–85 years | Males | Linear regression model | No | R coefficient reported. | PEFR | Wright Peak Flow meter | No | 25 | 16 |
| 11 | Mohan Rao et al. 1992 | 96 | 15–40 years | Males and Females | Multiple linear regression model | Yes | R, R2 and SEE | FVC, FEV1, FEF25–75%, PEFR | Wright Peak Flow meter | No | 50 | 10 |
| 12 | Ray et al. 1993 | 2000 | 10–59 years | Males and Females | Multiple linear regression model | Yes | R2 reported | PEFR | Wright Peak Flow meter | Yes | 87.5 | 23 |
| 13 | Swaminathan and Venkatesh et al. 1993 | 345 | 4–15 years | Boys and Girls | Linear regression model | Yes | No coefficient reported | PEFR | Wright Peak Flow meter | No | 50 | 51 |
| 14 | Chowgule, Shetye & Parmar et al. 1995 | 632 | 6–15 years | Boys and Girls | Linear regression model | Yes | R2 reported | PEFR | Wright Peak Flow meter | No | 50 | 66 |
| 15 | Sharma et al. 1997 | 410 | 10–15 years | Boys and Girls | Linear regression model | Yes | R2 reported | PEFR | Wright Peak Flow meter | No | 62.5 | 22 |
| 16 | Pande et al. 1997 | 1257 | 6–17 years | Boys and Girls | Linear regression model | Yes | R2, SEE reported | PEFR | Wright Peak Flow meter | No | 62.5 | 21 |
| 17 | Rajkapoor et al. 1997 | 186 | 6–13 years | Boys and Girls | Linear regression model | Yes | No coefficient reported | PEFR | Wright Peak Flow meter | No | 50 | 17 |
| 18 | Harikumaran et al. 1997 | 109 | 5–16 years | Boys | Multiple linear regression model | No | No coefficient reported | VC, IVC, FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEF, PIF, FMFT, MVV | Computerized spirometer | No | 25 | 28 |
| 19 | Vijayan et al. 2000 | 469 | 7–19 years | Boys and Girls | Linear regression model | Yes | No coefficient reported | PEFR | Wright Peak Flow meter | No | 50 | 66 |
| 20 | Verma SS et al. 2000 | 173 | 8–13 years | Boys and Girls | Linear regression model | No | R2, SEE reported | PEFR | Wright Peak Flow meter | No | 50 | 7 |
| 21 | Sitarama Raju et al. 2003 | 1555 | 5–15 years | Boys | Linear, quadratic, cubic or logarithmic | No | R, R2 and SE of estimate reported. | FVC, FEV1, PEFR, FEV1/FVC | Wright Peak Flow meter | Yes | 50 | 52 |
| 22 | Sitaram Raju et al. 2004 | 1038 | 5–15 years | Girls | Step-wise linear regression model | No | R2, SEE reported | FEV1, FVC, PEFR, FEV1/FVC | Wright Peak Flow meter | Yes | 37.5 | 1 |
| 23 | Dikshit et al. 2005 | Not mentioned | <20 years to> 60 years | Males and Females | Linear regression model | Yes | R, SEE reported | PEFR | No | 75 | 50 | |
| 24 | Raju et al. 2005 | 2616 | 5–15 years | Boys and Girls | Step-wise linear regression model | Yes | R, F and SEE reported | FEV1, FVC, PEFR | Wright Peak Flow meter and Spirometer | Yes | 75 | 39 |
| 25 | Prasad et al. 2005 | 897 | 10–60 years | Males and Females | Step-wise linear regression model | Yes | R, R2 and RSD reported | PEFR | Wright Peak Flow meter | Yes | 75 | 59 |
| 26 | Mathur et al. 2007 | 137 | 20–68 years | Males | Weighted least squares method | No | R2, RSD reported | PEFR | Wright Peak Flow meter | Yes | 62.5 | 29 |
| 27 | Saleem et al. 2011 | 3080 | 18–65 years | Males and Females | Multiple linear regression model | Yes | R2, SEE reported | FVC, FEV1, PEFR, FEF25–75 | Spirometer | No | 75 | 2 |
| 28 | Jacob et al. 2013 | 1165 | 5–17 years | Boys and Girls | Linear regression model | Yes | R, R2 reported | PEFR | Not specified | No | 62.5 | 7 |
| 29 | Chhabra et al. 2014 | 685 | 18–60 years | Males and Females | Multiple linear regression procedure. Linear and non-linear models | Yes | R2, Adjusted R2 and SEE reported | FVC, FEV1, PEFR, FEF25–75, FEF50, FEF75, FEV1/FVC | Spirometer | Yes | 100 | 21 |
| 30 | Shivkumar et al. 2014 | 91 | 10–15 years | Boys | Step-wise linear regression model | No | Adjusted R2 reported | FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC,MEF25, MEF50, MEF75, MMEF, PEF | Spirometer | No | 14.28 | 0 |
| 31 | Dasgupta et al. 2015 | 706 | 15–69 years | Males and Females | Multiple linear regression model | Yes | R2, SEE reported | FEV1, FVC | Spirometer | Yes | 100 | 1 |
| 32 | Pramanik et al. 2015 | 1518 | 10–18 years | Boys | Linear regression model | No | No coefficient reported | FVC, FEV1, PEFR, FEF25–75% | Spirometer | No | 37.5 | 2 |
Figure 2
Scatter plot of the relationship between the quality assessment score and number of citations of the selected articles.