Inhibition of Gαs/cAMP Signaling Decreases TCR-Stimulated IL-2 transcription in CD4+ T Helper Cells
References
- Pastan IH Johnson GS Anderson WB Role of cyclic nucleotides in growth control Annual review of biochemistry 1975 44 491 522 10.1146/annurev.bi.44.070175.002423 Epub 1975/01/01. PubMed PMID: 166606
- Dumont JE Jauniaux JC Roger PP The cyclic AMP-mediated stimulation of cell proliferation Trends Biochem Sci 1989 14 2 67 71 Epub 1989/02/01. PubMed PMID: 2539663
- Faure M Bourne HR Differential effects on cAMP on the MAP kinase cascade: evidence for a cAMP-insensitive step that can bypass Raf-1 Mol Biol Cell 1995 6 8 1025 35 Epub 1995/08/01. PubMed PMID: 7579705; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC301260
- Dugan LL Kim JS Zhang Y Bart RD Sun Y Holtzman DM Differential effects of cAMP in neurons and astrocytes. Role of B-raf J Biol Chem 1999 274 36 25842 8 Epub 1999/08/28. PubMed PMID: 10464325
- Scott JD Dessauer CW Tasken K Creating order from chaos: cellular regulation by kinase anchoring Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2013 53 187 210 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011112-140204 Epub 2012/10/10. PubMed PMID: 23043438; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3540170
- Houslay MD Underpinning compartmentalised cAMP signalling through targeted cAMP breakdown Trends Biochem Sci 2010 35 2 91 100 10.1016/j.tibs.2009.09.007 Epub 2009/10/30. PubMed PMID: 19864144
- Mei FC Qiao J Tsygankova OM Meinkoth JL Quilliam LA Cheng X Differential signaling of cyclic AMP: opposing effects of exchange protein directly activated by cyclic AMP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase on protein kinase B activation J Biol Chem 2002 277 13 11497 504 PubMed PMID: 11801596
- Bacallao K Monje PV Opposing roles of PKA and EPAC in the cAMP-dependent regulation of schwann cell proliferation and differentiation [corrected] PLoS One 2013 8 12 e82354 10.1371/journal.pone.0082354 Epub 2013/12/19. PubMed PMID: 24349260; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3859537
- Bruzzone A Sauliere A Finana F Senard JM Luthy I Gales C Dosage-dependent regulation of cell proliferation and adhesion through dual beta2-adrenergic receptor/cAMP signals Faseb J 2014 28 3 1342 54 10.1096/fj.13-239285 Epub 2013/12/07. PubMed PMID: 24308976
- Zarek PE Huang CT Lutz ER Kowalski J Horton MR Linden J A2A receptor signaling promotes peripheral tolerance by inducing T-cell anergy and the generation of adaptive regulatory T cells Blood 2008 111 1 251 9 PubMed PMID: 17909080
- Erdmann AA Gao ZG Jung U Foley J Borenstein T Jacobson KA Activation of Th1 and Tc1 cell adenosine A2A receptors directly inhibits IL-2 secretion in vitro and IL-2-driven expansion in vivo Blood 2005 105 12 4707 14 PubMed PMID: 15746085
- Csoka B Himer L Selmeczy Z Vizi ES Pacher P Ledent C Adenosine A2A receptor activation inhibits T helper 1 and T helper 2 cell development and effector function Faseb J 2008 22 10 3491 9 PubMed PMID: 18625677
- Ohta A Ohta A Madasu M Kini R Subramanian M Goel N A2A adenosine receptor may allow expansion of T cells lacking effector functions in extracellular adenosine-rich microenvironments J Immunol 2009 183 9 5487 93 10.4049/jimmunol.0901247 Epub 2009/10/22. PubMed PMID: 19843934
- Minakuchi R Wacholtz MC Davis LS Lipsky PE Delineation of the mechanism of inhibition of human T cell activation by PGE2 J Immunol 1990 145 8 2616 25 Epub 1990/10/15. PubMed PMID: 1976699
- Anastassiou ED Paliogianni F Balow JP Yamada H Boumpas DT Prostaglandin E2 and other cyclic AMP-elevating agents modulate IL-2 and IL-2R alpha gene expression at multiple levels J Immunol 1992 148 9 2845 52 Epub 1992/05/01. PubMed PMID: 1374102
- Xin Z Jiang X Wang HY Denny TN Dittel BN Ganea D Effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on cytokine production and expression of VIP receptors in thymocyte subsets Regulatory peptides 1997 72 1 41 54 Epub 1997/12/24. PubMed PMID: 9404731
- Wang HY Jiang X Gozes I Fridkin M Brenneman DE Ganea D Vasoactive intestinal peptide inhibits cytokine production in T lymphocytes through cAMP-dependent and cAMP-independent mechanisms Regulatory peptides 1999 84 1–3 55 67 Epub 1999/10/27. PubMed PMID: 10535409
- Harada K Miyake H Kurahashi T Fujisawa M Long-term complete response to very-low-dose interleukin-2 therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: report of two cases Clinical and experimental nephrology 2011 15 6 966 9 10.1007/s10157-011-0518-x Epub 2011/08/19. PubMed PMID: 21847521
- Molloy MJ Zhang W Usherwood EJ Cutting edge: IL-2 immune complexes as a therapy for persistent virus infection J Immunol 2009 182 8 4512 5 10.4049/jimmunol.0804175 Epub 2009/04/04. PubMed PMID: 19342623; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2682335
- Matsuoka K Koreth J Kim HT Bascug G McDonough S Kawano Y Low-dose interleukin-2 therapy restores regulatory T cell homeostasis in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease Science translational medicine 2013 5 179 179ra43 10.1126/scitranslmed.3005265 Epub 2013/04/05. PubMed PMID: 23552371
- Saadoun D Rosenzwajg M Joly F Six A Carrat F Thibault V Regulatory T-cell responses to low-dose interleukin-2 in HCV-induced vasculitis N Engl J Med 2011 365 22 2067 77 10.1056/NEJMoa1105143 Epub 2011/12/02. PubMed PMID: 22129253
- Averill LE Stein RL Kammer GM Control of human T-lymphocyte interleukin-2 production by a cAMP-dependent pathway Cell Immunol 1988 115 1 88 99 Epub 1988/08/01. PubMed PMID: 2841027
- Skalhegg BS Landmark BF Doskeland SO Hansson V Lea T Jahnsen T Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase type I mediates the inhibitory effects of 3’,5’-cyclic adenosine monophosphate on cell replication in human T lymphocytes J Biol Chem 1992 267 22 15707 14 Epub 1992/08/05. PubMed PMID: 1379235
- Vang T Torgersen KM Sundvold V Saxena M Levy FO Skalhegg BS Activation of the COOH-terminal Src kinase (Csk) by cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibits signaling through the T cell receptor J Exp Med 2001 193 4 497 507 PubMed PMID: 11181701
- Imboden JB Shoback DM Pattison G Stobo JD Cholera toxin inhibits the T-cell antigen receptor-mediated increases in inositol trisphosphate and cytoplasmic free calcium Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986 83 5673 7
- Li X Murray F Koide N Goldstone J Dann SM Chen J Divergent requirement for Galphas and cAMP in the differentiation and inflammatory profile of distinct mouse Th subsets J Clin Invest 2012 122 3 963 73 10.1172/JCI59097 Epub 2012/02/14. PubMed PMID: 22326954; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3287220
- Duan B Davis R Sadat EL Collins J Sternweis PC Yuan D Distinct roles of adenylyl cyclase VII in regulating the immune responses in mice J Immunol 2010 185 1 335 44 10.4049/jimmunol.0903474 Epub 2010/05/28. PubMed PMID: 20505140; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3040980
- Yao C Sakata D Esaki Y Li Y Matsuoka T Kuroiwa K Prostaglandin E2-EP4 signaling promotes immune inflammation through Th1 cell differentiation and Th17 cell expansion Nat Med 2009 15 6 633 40 10.1038/nm.1968 Epub 2009/05/26. PubMed PMID: 19465928
- Datta SK Sabet M Nguyen KP Valdez PA Gonzalez-Navajas JM Islam S Mucosal adjuvant activity of cholera toxin requires Th17 cells and protects against inhalation anthrax Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010 107 23 10638 43 10.1073/pnas.1002348107 Epub 2010/05/19. PubMed PMID: 20479237; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2890829
- Koh WS Yang KH Kaminski NE Cyclic AMP is an essential factor in immune responses Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995 206 2 703 9 10.1006/bbrc.1995.1099 Epub 1995/01/17. PubMed PMID: 7826390
- Conche C Boulla G Trautmann A Randriamampita C T cell adhesion primes antigen receptor-induced calcium responses through a transient rise in adenosine 3’,5’-cyclic monophosphate Immunity 2009 30 1 33 43 PubMed PMID: 19144315
- Oksenberg D Oksenberg JR Sakai K Peroutka SJ Steinman L Cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate metabolism in activated T-cell clones Immunology 1989 67 4 484 8 Epub 1989/08/01. PubMed PMID: 2475434; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1385318
- Wacholtz MC Minakuchi R Lipsky PE Characterization of the 3’,5’-cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated regulation of IL2 production by T cells and Jurkat cells Cell Immunol 1991 135 2 285 98 Epub 1991/07/01. PubMed PMID: 1709824
- Otani S Matsui-Yuasa I Morisawa S Biphasic effects of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate on synergistic stimulation of DNA synthesis by diacylglycerol, and the ionophore A23187 in guinea pig lymphocytes Life Sci 1987 40 25 2409 14 Epub 1987/06/22. PubMed PMID: 3035313
- Berlot CH A Highly Effective Dominant Negative alpha s Construct Containing Mutations That Affect Distinct Functions Inhibits Multiple Gs-coupled Receptor Signaling Pathways J Biol Chem 2002 277 23 21080 5
- Hynes TR Mervine SM Yost EA Sabo JL Berlot CH Live cell imaging of Gs and the beta 2-adrenergic receptor demonstrates that both alpha s and beta 1gamma 7 internalize upon stimulation and exhibit similar trafficking patterns that differ from that of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor J Biol Chem 2004 279 44101 12 PubMed PMID: 15297467
- Grishina G Berlot CH Identification of common and distinct residues involved in the interaction of alphai2 and alphas with adenylyl cyclase J Biol Chem 1997 272 33 20619 26 PubMed PMID: 9252377
- Hynes TR Tang L Mervine SM Sabo JL Yost EA Devreotes PN Visualization of G protein betagamma dimers using bimolecular fluorescence complementation demonstrates roles for both beta and gamma in subcellular targeting J Biol Chem 2004 279 29 30279 86 PubMed PMID: 15136579
- Mervine SM Yost EA Sabo JL Hynes TR Berlot CH Analysis of G Protein beta{gamma} Dimer Formation in Live Cells Using Multicolor Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation Demonstrates Preferences of beta1 for Particular {gamma} Subunits Mol Pharmacol 2006 70 1 194 205 PubMed PMID: 16641313
- Krumins AM Gilman AG Targeted Knockdown of G Protein Subunits Selectively Prevents Receptor-mediated Modulation of Effectors and Reveals Complex Changes in Non-targeted Signaling Proteins J Biol Chem 2006 281 15 10250 62 PubMed PMID: 16446365
- Medina R Grishina G Meloni EG Muth TR Berlot CH Localization of the effector-specifying regions of Gi2a and Gqa J Biol Chem 1996 271 24720 7
- Levis MJ Bourne HR Activation of the a subunit of Gs in intact cells alters its abundance, rate of degradation, and membrane avidity J Cell Biol 1992 119 5 1297 307
- Robishaw JD Smigel MD Gilman AG Molecular basis for two forms of the G protein that stimulates adenylate cyclase J Biol Chem 1986 261 9587 90
- Salomon Y Londos C Rodbell M A highly sensitive adenylate cyclase assay Anal Biochem 1974 58 541 8
- Exley M Terhorst C Wileman T Structure, assembly and intracellular transport of the T cell receptor for antigen Semin Immunol 1991 3 5 283 97 Epub 1991/09/01. PubMed PMID: 1686832
- Boomer JS Green JM An enigmatic tail of CD28 signaling Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology 2010 2 8 a002436 10.1101/cshperspect.a002436 Epub 2010/06/11. PubMed PMID: 20534709; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2908766
- Iezzi G Karjalainen K Lanzavecchia A The duration of antigenic stimulation determines the fate of naive and effector T cells Immunity 1998 8 1 89 95 Epub 1998/02/14. PubMed PMID: 9462514
- Iezzi G Scotet E Scheidegger D Lanzavecchia A The interplay between the duration of TCR and cytokine signaling determines T cell polarization Eur J Immunol 1999 29 12 4092 101 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199912)29:12<;4092::AID-IMMU4092>3.0.CO;2-A Epub 1999/12/22. PubMed PMID: 10602020
- Jelley-Gibbs DM Lepak NM Yen M Swain SL Two distinct stages in the transition from naive CD4 T cells to effectors, early antigen-dependent and late cytokine-driven expansion and differentiation J Immunol 2000 165 9 5017 26 Epub 2000/10/25. PubMed PMID: 11046030
- Sitkovsky MV Ohta A The ‘danger’ sensors that STOP the immune response: the A2 adenosine receptors? Trends Immunol 2005 26 6 299 304 PubMed PMID: 15922945
- Junger WG Immune cell regulation by autocrine purinergic signalling Nat Rev Immunol 11 3 201 12 PubMed PMID: 21331080
- Poucher SM Keddie JR Singh P Stoggall SM Caulkett PW Jones G The in vitro pharmacology of ZM 241385, a potent, non-xanthine A2a selective adenosine receptor antagonist Br J Pharmacol 1995 115 6 1096 102 Epub 1995/07/01. PubMed PMID: 7582508; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1909020
- Abraham RT Weiss A Jurkat T cells and development of the T-cell receptor signalling paradigm Nat Rev Immunol 2004 4 4 301 8 PubMed PMID: 15057788
- Bunting K Wang J Shannon MF Control of interleukin-2 gene transcription: a paradigm for inducible, tissue-specific gene expression Vitamins and hormones 2006 74 105 45 10.1016/S0083-6729(06)74005-5 Epub 2006/10/10. PubMed PMID: 17027513
- Shaw J Meerovitch K Bleackley RC Paetkau V Mechanisms regulating the level of IL-2 mRNA in T lymphocytes J Immunol 1988 140 7 2243 8 Epub 1988/04/01. PubMed PMID: 3258332
- Yost EA Hynes TR Hartle CM Ott BJ Berlot CH Inhibition of G-Protein betagamma Signaling Enhances T Cell Receptor-Stimulated Interleukin 2 Transcription in CD4+ T Helper Cells PLoS One 2015 10 1 e0116575 10.1371/journal.pone.0116575 Epub 2015/01/30. PubMed PMID: 25629163
- Schulze-Koops H Lipsky PE Kavanaugh AF Davis LS Elevated Th1- or Th0-like cytokine mRNA in peripheral circulation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Modulation by treatment with anti-ICAM-1 correlates with clinical benefit J Immunol 1995 155 10 5029 37 Epub 1995/11/15. PubMed PMID: 7594511
- Grishina G Berlot CH A surface-exposed region of G(salpha) in which substitutions decrease receptor-mediated activation and increase receptor affinity Mol Pharmacol 2000 57 6 1081 92 PubMed PMID: 10825378
- Bonacci TM Mathews JL Yuan C Lehmann DM Malik S Wu D Differential targeting of Gbetagamma-subunit signaling with small molecules Science 2006 312 5772 443 6 PubMed PMID: 16627746
- De Lean A Stadel JM Lefkowitz RJ A ternary complex model explains the agonist-specific binding properties of the adenylate cyclase-coupled beta-adrenergic receptor J Biol Chem 1980 255 15 7108 17 PubMed PMID: 6248546
- Bourne HR Kaslow D Kaslow HR Salomon MR Licko V Hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase: Mutant phenotype with normally regulated b-adrenergic receptors uncoupled from catalytic adenylate cyclase Mol Pharmacol 1981 20 435 41
- Miller RT Masters SB Sullivan KA Beiderman B Bourne HR A mutation that prevents GTP-dependent activation of the alpha chain of Gs Nature 1988 334 6184 712 5 10.1038/334712a0 Epub 1988/08/25. PubMed PMID: 3137475
- Lee E Taussig R Gilman AG The G226A mutant of Gsa highlights the requirement for dissociation of G protein subunits J Biol Chem 1992 267 1212 8
- Charalambous C Gsandtner I Keuerleber S Milan-Lobo L Kudlacek O Freissmuth M Restricted collision coupling of the A2A receptor revisited: evidence for physical separation of two signaling cascades J Biol Chem 2008 283 14 9276 88 PubMed PMID: 18218631
- Hu CD Chinenov Y Kerppola TK Visualization of interactions among bZIP and Rel family proteins in living cells using bimolecular fluorescence complementation Mol Cell 2002 9 4 789 98 PubMed PMID: 11983170
- Kerppola TK Visualization of molecular interactions by fluorescence complementation Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2006 7 6 449 56 PubMed PMID: 16625152
- Ledbetter JA Parsons M Martin PJ Hansen JA Rabinovitch PS June CH Antibody binding to CD5 (Tp67) and Tp44 T cell surface molecules: effects on cyclic nucleotides, cytoplasmic free calcium, and cAMP-mediated suppression J Immunol 1986 137 10 3299 305 PubMed PMID: 3021852
- Abrahamsen H Baillie G Ngai J Vang T Nika K Ruppelt A TCR- and CD28-mediated recruitment of phosphodiesterase 4 to lipid rafts potentiates TCR signaling J Immunol 2004 173 8 4847 58 PubMed PMID: 15470025
- Schwartz RH Costimulation of T lymphocytes: the role of CD28, CTLA-4, and B7/BB1 in interleukin-2 production and immunotherapy Cell 1992 71 7 1065 8 Epub 1992/12/24. PubMed PMID: 1335362
- Jain J Loh C Rao A Transcriptional regulation of the IL-2 gene Curr Opin Immunol 1995 7 3 333 42 Epub 1995/06/01. PubMed PMID: 7546397
- Lehmann DM Seneviratne AM Smrcka AV Small molecule disruption of G protein beta gamma subunit signaling inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis and inflammation Mol Pharmacol 2008 73 2 410 8 PubMed PMID: 18006643
- Badou A Jha MK Matza D Flavell RA Emerging roles of L-type voltage-gated and other calcium channels in T lymphocytes Frontiers in immunology 2013 4 243 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00243 Epub 2013/09/07. PubMed PMID: 24009608; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3757574
- Kotturi MF Carlow DA Lee JC Ziltener HJ Jefferies WA Identification and functional characterization of voltage-dependent calcium channels in T lymphocytes J Biol Chem 2003 278 47 46949 60 10.1074/jbc.M309268200 Epub 2003/09/05. PubMed PMID: 12954628
- Weiss N Legrand C Pouvreau S Bichraoui H Allard B Zamponi GW In vivo expression of G-protein beta1gamma2 dimer in adult mouse skeletal muscle alters L-type calcium current and excitation-contraction coupling J Physiol 2010 588 Pt 15 2945 60 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.191593 Epub 2010/06/16. PubMed PMID: 20547679; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2956909
- Ivanina T Blumenstein Y Shistik E Barzilai R Dascal N Modulation of L-type Ca2+ channels by gbeta gamma and calmodulin via interactions with N and C termini of alpha 1C J Biol Chem 2000 275 51 39846 54 10.1074/jbc.M005881200 Epub 2000/09/21. PubMed PMID: 10995757
- Zhang CH Lifshitz LM Uy KF Ikebe M Fogarty KE ZhuGe R The cellular and molecular basis of bitter tastant-induced bronchodilation PLoS biology 2013 11 3 e1001501 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001501 Epub 2013/03/09. PubMed PMID: 23472053; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3589262
- Smith-Garvin JE Koretzky GA Jordan MS T cell activation Annu Rev Immunol 2009 27 591 619 10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132706 Epub 2009/01/10. PubMed PMID: 19132916; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2740335
- Johannessen M Delghandi MP Moens U What turns CREB on? Cell Signal 2004 16 11 1211 27 10.1016/j.cellsig.2004.05.001 Epub 2004/09/01. PubMed PMID: 15337521
- Tenbrock K Juang YT Tolnay M Tsokos GC The cyclic adenosine 5’-monophosphate response element modulator suppresses IL-2 production in stimulated T cells by a chromatin-dependent mechanism J Immunol 2003 170 6 2971 6 Epub 2003/03/11. PubMed PMID: 12626549
- Mayr B Montminy M Transcriptional regulation by the phosphorylation-dependent factor CREB Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2001 2 8 599 609 10.1038/35085068 Epub 2001/08/03. PubMed PMID: 11483993
- Bodor J Habener JF Role of transcriptional repressor ICER in cyclic AMP-mediated attenuation of cytokine gene expression in human thymocytes J Biol Chem 1998 273 16 9544 51 Epub 1998/05/23. PubMed PMID: 9545284
- Bodor J Spetz AL Strominger JL Habener JF cAMP inducibility of transcriptional repressor ICER in developing and mature human T lymphocytes Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996 93 8 3536 41 Epub 1996/04/16. PubMed PMID: 8622971; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC39645
- Chen D Rothenberg EV Interleukin 2 transcription factors as molecular targets of cAMP inhibition: delayed inhibition kinetics and combinatorial transcription roles J Exp Med 1994 179 3 931 42 Epub 1994/03/01. PubMed PMID: 8113685; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2191402
- Boularan C Kehrl JH Implications of non-canonical G-protein signaling for the immune system Cell Signal 2014 26 6 1269 82 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.02.010 Epub 2014/03/04. PubMed PMID: 24583286
- Peterson EJ Woods ML Dmowski SA Derimanov G Jordan MS Wu JN Coupling of the TCR to integrin activation by Slap-130/Fyb Science 2001 293 5538 2263 5 10.1126/science.1063486 Epub 2001/09/22. PubMed PMID: 11567141
- Alenghat FJ Tytell JD Thodeti CK Derrien A Ingber DE Mechanical control of cAMP signaling through integrins is mediated by the heterotrimeric Galphas protein J Cell Biochem 2009 106 4 529 38 10.1002/jcb.22001 Epub 2009/01/27. PubMed PMID: 19170051; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2739599
- Chan P Gabay M Wright FA Tall GG Ric-8B is a GTP-dependent G protein alphas guanine nucleotide exchange factor J Biol Chem 2011 286 22 19932 42 10.1074/jbc.M110.163675 Epub 2011/04/07. PubMed PMID: 21467038; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3103368
- Natochin M Campbell TN Barren B Miller LC Hameed S Artemyev NO Characterization of the G alpha(s) regulator cysteine string protein J Biol Chem 2005 280 34 30236 41 10.1074/jbc.M500722200 Epub 2005/06/24. PubMed PMID: 15972823
- Kammer GM Boehm CA Rudolph SA Schultz LA Mobility of the human T lymphocyte surface molecules CD3, CD4, and CD8: regulation by a cAMP-dependent pathway Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988 85 3 792 6 PubMed PMID: 2829202
- Goodwin JS Bromberg S Messner RP Studies on the cyclic AMP response to prostaglandin in human lymphocytes Cell Immunol 1981 60 2 298 307 Epub 1981/05/15. PubMed PMID: 6263502
- Zhang J Ma Y Taylor SS Tsien RY Genetically encoded reporters of protein kinase A activity reveal impact of substrate tethering Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001 98 26 14997 5002 PubMed PMID: 11752448
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/1750-2187-10-2 | Journal eISSN: 1750-2187
Language: English
Page range: 2 - 2
Published on: Jul 6, 2015
Published by: Danny N. Dhanasekaran
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
© 2015 Thomas R Hynes, Evan A Yost, Stacy M Yost, Cassandra M Hartle, Braden J Ott, Catherine H Berlot, published by Danny N. Dhanasekaran
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.