Significance of Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture, Food Safety and Food Security: A Review

Agriculture remains central to the global economy, with over 60% of the population dependent on it for livelihood and sustenance. As the world grapples with challenges such as population growth, environmental degradation, and the overuse of agrochemicals, there is an urgent need for sustainable agricultural practices that safeguard food safety and ensure long-term food security. Biofertilizers, as microbial-based inputs, offer an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to chemical fertilizers by enhancing soil fertility, promoting plant growth, and reducing environmental pollution. This review aims to examine the role of biofertilizers in sustainable agriculture, with a particular emphasis on their contribution to food security and safety. Key aspects analyzed include the types, mechanisms, formulation techniques, benefits, and limitations of biofertilizers, supported by empirical data. The findings highlight that biofertilizers can significantly improve crop productivity, boost soil health, and reduce the dependency on synthetic inputs. However, variability in field performance, lack of farmer awareness, and formulation challenges hinder their widespread adoption. The review underscores the need for integrated strategies, policy support, and continued research to unlock the full potential of biofertilizers in promoting a sustainable, resilient, and food-secure future.