Drilling Tools in Prehistoric China from the Perspective of Experimental Archaeology

As a type of artifact commonly found in Chinese prehistoric sites, perforated shellfish materials can be classified into freshwater mussel materials and perforated seashell materials, and drilling tools can be classified into single and composite drilling tools. The experimental reconstruction of the two types of drilling tools and drilling methods explored the influence of the composition of drilling tools, drilling methods, and other factors on the drilling process. Meanwhile, the experiments were recorded and analyzed using a stereo microscope. The experimental results show that the composite drilling tools provide better drilling results and more dynamics than stone drill bits. The perforated weight stone stabilized the center of gravity and safeguarded the dynamic performance. The type of drilling tool, drilling method, and characteristics such as smoothness and hardness of perforated shellfish materials significantly impact the drilling effect.