Formulation of Botanical Extracts as Nanoemulsion: Towards Sustainable Pest Management in Agriculture – A Review

Botanical extracts have long been recognised for their pest and disease control potential. However, challenges such as poor stability and limited efficacy often hinder their practical application in agriculture. In recent years, the emergence of nanoemulsion formulations has offered a promising solution to overcome these limitations. Nanoemulsions are isotropic systems of two immiscible liquids (oil and water) combined to generate a single formulation. The nano size and surface characteristics of the droplets play a crucial role in enhancing the biological behaviour of the formulation. This review article aims to assess the potential of employing nanoemulsion formulations containing botanical extracts as a viable and environmentally sustainable strategy for insect pest management in Sri Lankan agriculture. The article discusses the potential botanicals available in Sri Lanka that can be developed as nanoemulsions, examples of plant extracts improved as nanoemulsions in other countries, advantages of nanoemulsion formulations, formulation techniques, optimisation strategies, and their potential applications in pest management. It emphasises the need for further research and practical implementation to fully harness the potential of nanoemulsion formulations for sustainable agricultural pest management in Sri Lanka.