Effectiveness of BPMN and RACI Frameworks for the Design and Approval Process of a Student Evaluation System: A Systematic Literature Review

Before the creation of a student evaluation system for the design and approval process (SEDAP), it is crucial to uncover the scope and address the limitations of previous studies. This study aims to explore the literature of the use and effectiveness of Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) and Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, and Informed (RACI) frameworks in the SEDAP, utilising the PRISMA statement. To achieve this, the PRISMA methodology was used to identify, select, and critically analyse relevant literature from four academic databases: Springer, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar citation searching, among other methods. A total of 155 articles were gathered and underwent three phases: identification, screening, and inclusion, following PRISMA guidelines. In the identification phase, duplicate reports were removed, and ineligible records were marked as such by automation tools. During screening, 89 reports were excluded due to factors such as an ineligible population, irrelevance to the main subject, differing applied methodologies, and distinct outcome evaluation methods. Finally, 15 reports were included in the finalisation phase. The findings of this study discussed the literature on the use and effectiveness of BPMN and RACI frameworks in the SEDAP. To provide a deeper understanding, a thematic analysis of the selected studies was conducted. This thematic review organises the findings according to the research questions that guide this systematic literature review. Additionally, the study seeks to inform administrators and researchers about the potential benefits of utilising these frameworks in student assessment.