Application of geophysical monitoring, coupled with the mitigation of induced seismicity in hydraulic fracturing systems

The study explores seismic, electromagnetic, and well-log data to understand the investigated region's subsurface features and geologic events. Seismic data, local microseismic characteristics, and gravity anomaly were used to evaluate spatial and temporal patterns and how they relate. The data visualization plots revealed the Monte Carlo distributions of microseismic events, which is necessary for conducting the b-value analysis. Gravity survey data, mapped in graphics of strews, proved to be more complex relationships between gravity and elevation, declaring intricate patterns of actual underground structures. Imagery, created with real-time electromagnetic surveys, which were mimicked on an apparent resistivity pseudo section, revealed important information regarding resistivity anomalies – an essential prerequisite for identifying fluid pathways and fracture networks. A study of hydraulic fracturing parameters was carried out to establish the relationship between injection rates and pressures with fluid migration, proppant concentration, and others. Ultimately, the Bouguer gravity anomaly map created a spatial visual representation of density variations that, in turn, was helpful in geological interpretation. Accordingly, these conclusions reveal global ideas about the subsurface processes and thus enable effective geological studies and exploration of geological resources.