Non-traumatic spinal cord injuries: A descriptive study at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka

Background: Non traumatic spinal cord injury (NTSCI) is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, particularly with the rise in ageing populations. Despite this global trend, there is a lack of comprehensive data on the epidemiology and aetiology of NTSCI in Sri Lanka. This study aims to provide an epidemiological overview of NTSCI cases in a Sri Lankan cohort, focusing on demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, aetiologies, and outcomes.
Methods: This descriptive study included all patients diagnosed with NTSCI who were admitted to the neurology wards or attended neurology clinics at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka (NHSL). Patients were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using structured clinical records and analyzed using SPSS software. Variables assessed included demographic details, clinical features, investigation findings, and aetiological diagnoses.
Results: The study population had a mean age of 48.17 years (range: 17-78 years). Paraparesis was the most common presentation, reported in 81.5% of patients, while 18.5% presented with tetraplegia. A sensory level was documented in 42.6% of cases. Bladder and bowel involvement were observed in 48.1% of patients. Regarding aetiology, myelitis and demyelinating conditions accounted for the largest proportion (42.6%), followed by degenerative disc disease and disc prolapse (35.2%). Rare causes included syringomyelia and hereditary disorders (1.9%). A significant majority (93.6%) of patients underwent and responded positively to rehabilitation programs.
Conclusion: NTSCI in Sri Lanka primarily affects individuals in their late 40s, with both males and females represented. The most frequent aetiologies are demyelination, myelitis, and degenerative spinal conditions. Sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunctions are common. Rehabilitation outcomes are generally favourable. These findings highlight the need for improved surveillance, early diagnosis, and targeted rehabilitation services to optimise care for NTSCI patients in Sri Lanka.