A Review on Hormonal Replacement and Urinary Incontinence following Menopause

The female lower urinary tract originates from the same embryological precursors as parts of the vagina and genital fascia. Estrogen and progesterone receptors are present on the urethra, vaginal mucosa, pubo urethral and pubo vaginal fasciae, pelvic floor muscle, and supporting ligaments. This shows the possibility of an endocrine impact on the anatomical structure and functional integrity of these. Hormonal deprivation is linked to symptoms of lower urogenital structures. HRT is a promising therapy for symptoms of menopause. However, its impact on urinary incontinence is still unresolved and many questions exist. Emerging RCTs suggest HRT has potential disadvantages over UI discouraging its use over UI. This review reflects on the effects of HRT on UI.