Evidence-Based Insights into Prevention and Healing of Pressure Ulcers: A Review

Introduction: Pressure ulcers (PU) remain a major clinical challenge, particularly among patients with limited mobility or in long-term care. They increase morbidity, hospital stay, and healthcare costs. Effective prevention and management are vital for improving outcomes. This review summarizes current evidence-based strategies for pressure ulcer prevention and treatment.    
Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using the terms “pressure ulcers,” “management,” and “prevention” for studies published from 2005 to 2025. These were screened for relevance by the first reviewer, and any uncertainties regarding eligibility were discussed and resolved in consultation with the second reviewer.  The final search was completed on 31 January 2025. Following the PRISMA guidelines, 51studies met the inclusion criteria, including 12 systematic reviews and meta-analyses, seven randomized controlled trials, 10 guidelines and scoping reviews, 16 observational studies, four narrative reviews, one expert opinion, and one case report.  
Results: Evidence indicates that early and regular risk assessment is crucial for identifying vulnerable patients. The Braden Scale, combined with clinical judgment, enhances prediction accuracy. Key preventive strategies include (1) regular repositioning, (2) maintaining skin integrity, (3) optimizing nutrition and hydration, and (4) using pressure-relieving devices. For existing ulcers, effective wound care, infection control, and pain management accelerate healing. Emerging technologies such as advanced dressings and innovative pressure-relief systems demonstrate improved outcomes. 
Conclusion: Preventing and managing PU requires a coordinated, evidence-based approach emphasizing risk assessment, skincare, nutrition, and pressure redistribution. Early identification of at-risk individuals and consistent use of repositioning and pressure relief interventions significantly reduce ulcer incidence. Integrating multidisciplinary, patient-centered strategies enhances healing, safety, and quality of care.