Susac Syndrome in a Young Woman: A Case of Misdiagnosis and Irreversible Visual Sequelae

Susac syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder defined by the triad of encephalopathy, branch retinal artery occlusions (BRAO), and sensorineural hearing loss. Its nonspecific presentation often leads to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment, resulting in irreversible complications. We report a 28-year-old woman with six months of progressive headaches, transient visual symptoms, and behavioral changes, initially diagnosed as migraine and functional neurological disorder. Further evaluation revealed right temporal quadrantanopia, right BRAO, and sensorineural hearing loss, confirming Susac syndrome. Immunosuppressive therapy improved headaches, behavior, and hearing; however, visual deficits were permanent. Early recognition and prompt treatment are essential to prevent lasting neurological and ophthalmic damage.