Prevalence and clinical implications of co-infections of hepatitis B and C among people living with HIV, attending GB Pant Hospital New Delhi, India

Background: Co-infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) significantly impact clinical outcomes and treatment strategies. Understanding local prevalence patterns are crucial for developing targeted interventions.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 confirmed HIV-positive patients at GB Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India, from January to December 2024. Serological screening for HBV and HCV markers was performed using standardised rapid diagnostic tests. Statistical analyses included Chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test, and multivariate logistic regression to assess co-infection patterns and associated risk factors.
Results: Among the study population (n=100), HBV co-infection prevalence was 38% (95% CI: 28.5-47.5%), HCV co-infection was 9% (95% CI: 4.2-16.6%), and HIV-HBV-HCV infection was 18% (95% CI: 11.0-27.3%). Multivariate analysis revealed that HIV-HBV-HCV infection was significantly associated with elevated liver enzymes (adjusted OR: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.8-5.7; p<0.001) and advanced clinical presentations.
Conclusions: The high prevalence of viral hepatitis co-infections, particularly HBV, among PLHIV, underscores the need for systematic screening and integrated treatment approaches. The substantial rate of HIV-HBV-HCV infections necessitates specialized clinical management protocols.