Lepromatous leprosy with coexistent neurofibromatosis type 1

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF 1) and leprosy are two different disease entities, as the former is a genodermatosis while the latter is an infectious disease mostly confined to tropical countries. Interestingly, among their many clinical manifestations, both conditions share the common features of involvement of the skin and Schwann cells of the peripheral nerves. The presence of lepromatous leprosy in a patient with NF 1 is relatively rare and may pose certain diagnostic dilemmas. In this case report, we describe the manifestation of lepromatous leprosy in a 31-year-old patient with pre-existing NF 1.