Clinico-epidemiological profile and outcome of snakebite in children aged 1 month to 12 years admitted in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India: a retrospective study

Introduction: In India, venomous snakebites are a regular concern, with many paediatric cases reported annually. While extensive research exists on snakebite incidents in adults, there is a noticeable scarcity of studies focusing on venomous bites in children within this region. 
Objectives: To observe the clinical profile and outcome of snakebite among children below twelve years of age in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. 
Method: A retrospective study was conducted at Malda Medical College & Hospital, West Bengal, from April 2023 to March 2025. Data from 90 children <12 years of age with venomous snakebites were collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0; chi-square test assessed associations, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: Of the total 49 (54.5%) cases were 9-12 years of age; 66 (73.3%) cases were male; 34 (37.8%) cases were neurotoxic, 28 (31.1%) were haemotoxic, 12 (13.3) non-venomous and 16 (17.8%) unidentified bites; 65 (72.2%) bites were seen on the lower limbs. Swelling 40 (44.4%), abdominal pain 39 (43.3%), ptosis 21 (23.3%), dysarthria 22 (24.4%), respiratory distress 17 (18.9%), and diplopia 15 (16.7%) were seen. Death occurred in 5 (5.6%) cases. 
Conclusions: There was male predominance. Most cases were due to venomous bites. Whist 38% cases were neurotoxic, 31% cases were haemotoxic; Majority of bites was seen on the lower limbs. Swelling, abdominal pain, ptosis, dysarthria, respiratory distress, and diplopia were the common clinical features. Death occurred in 5.6%.