Exclusive breastfeeding practices during an economically challenged period in Kandy and Nuwara Eliya districts of Sri Lanka

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is crucial for infants' health in their first six months. Despite global recommendations, achieving high EBF rates faces challenges in various regions. Understanding specific regional patterns and determinants is crucial for effective public health interventions. This research investigates breastfeeding (BF) patterns among infants under 6 months of age in Kandy and Nuwara Eliya districts during a period of economic challenges.
Objectives: To describe BF patterns among 0-6-month-old infants, focusing on EBF prevalence, influential factors, district-wise comparisons, and the impact of economic crises on BF decisions.
Method: A cross-sectional study surveyed 690 mother-baby pairs in selected communities. A structured questionnaire collected data on BF practices, socio-demographics, maternal knowledge, and the effects of the recent economic crisis.
Results: Eighty percent practised EBF for the recommended 6 months and 95.1% initiated BF within an hour of birth. Employment challenges led 101 mothers to cease BF, significantly linked to economic constraints (p<0.001). The analysis showed differing EBF rates between Kandy (77.4%) and Nuwara Eliya (83.3%) without statistical significance (p=0.124). Working mothers had significantly higher odds of practising EBF (adjusted OR =4.314, p<0.001).
Conclusions: Whilst 80% practised EBF for the recommended 6 months, 95% initiated BF within an hour of birth. Economic constraints were significantly associated with cessation of BF. Working mothers had significantly higher odds of practising EBF.