Alternative Strategy Use and the Impact of MT on Vocabulary Acquisition: Case of Sri Lankan ESL Learners

The influence of the mother tongue (MT) on second language (L2) acquisition has opened a wide array of scholarly discussions in Applied Linguistics. In this scenario, the influence of MT on L2 vocabulary is imperative. Thus, the major objective of this research was to find the alternative vocabulary strategies used by Sri Lankan ESL learners in L2 (English) vocabulary acquisition and to analyze the impact of MT (Sinhala) in using these strategies. It further aims to provide recommendations for ESL educators on tailoring vocabulary instruction based on students’ linguistic backgrounds. Qualitative methods of data collection: sentence translations, interviews, and impromptu speeches, were utilized to gather primary data. The sample comprised 30 undergraduates from a state university in Sri Lanka. The study found that students employ alternative vocabulary strategies of synonyms, substitutions, hyponyms, homonyms, calques, circumlocution, omissions, borrowings, and gestures in written and spoken tests. Further, participants mentioned that they use English vocabulary in line with Sinhala terms, with less emphasis on contextual meaning and precise terminology. The impact of MT on L2 vocabulary acquisition has not been profoundly studied in the field of Applied Linguistics. Thus, this research will shed light on future ESL research fostering new research ideas.