Learning and Teaching in Clinical Education

Introduction: Clinical learning is a crucial component in training students to acquire essential skills. Although multifaceted approaches to clinical learning and teaching exist, there is little evidence of their effectiveness in student learning, as clinical training is challenged by environmental, patient-related, student-related, and teacher-related factors. However, there is a gap in knowledge about how students perceive their learning experiences and how teachers assess the adequacy of training. 
Methods: The objective is to review various clinical learning and teaching methods, their impacts, perceptions, and challenges among learners and teachers. The PubMed database was searched from 2014 to 2024 using MeSH terms. The study included interventional, observational, review, and theoretical articles. The review identified 30 articles relevant to this study. 
Results: Students achieve learning outcomes through various learning and teaching methods. Traditional bedside teaching is still considered the most essential teaching method, but its use is decreasing. Students prefer innovative learning and teaching methods, and these methods must be integrated with existing methods to achieve better learning outcomes. Perceptions and challenges vary depending on the learning condition. Students want to have good role modelling. Teachers prefer more time to give students feedback. 
Conclusion: Nowadays, students study in a technologically advanced era, and there are more creative, student-centered teaching methods to meet patients' needs better. Therefore, clinical teaching must incorporate various techniques to facilitate effective learning of clinical skills during the training period.