Socio-Economic Dynamics and Community Well-Being in Small-Scale Fisheries: A Study of the Pethalai Fishing Community, Sri Lanka

This study explores the socio-economic dynamics of small-scale fisheries targeting Thenus orientalis (slipper lobster) in Pethalai, Sri Lanka. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 100 fishermen over twelve months (January-December 2023) through structured surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions. Analysis focused on four domains: socio-economics, fishery resource management, and community well-being. Fishery was characterised by a experienced workforce, with 38% having 21-30 years of fishing experience, mostly male (98%) and married (90%), and low education levels (52% Grade 5 level). Fishing intensity was high, with 42% operating 26-30 days per month and 93% owning boats. Daily catches averaged one to five kg, peaking during October-December, monthly income from slipper lobster ranged from less than LKR 10,000 to LKR 30,000. All catches were sold to wholesalers at a fixed price. Principal Component Analysis showed strong internal consistency across domains and economic vulnerability, market dependency, environmental adaptation, strong social cohesion, traditional knowledge, interest in sustainability, limited market access, high costs, and restricted training. Findings indicated, need for integrated strategies for social protection, market diversification, capacity building, and participatory decision making to enhance sustainability in this fishery.