Fatalities Following Fall from Heights Presented to Three Medico-Legal Units in Sri Lanka

Introduction: Fall from heights is a common form of unintentional injury. The objective of this study is to determine the pattern of injuries, risk factors, and safety measures employed in relation to such falls.
Methods: Data was collected from cases of fatal falls presented to the medico-legal units at Kandy, Peradeniya, and Panadura in Sri Lanka from 2005 to 2016.
Results: In the sample considered the majority were males (93%) between 41-60 years (49%). Most were accidental (88%) and 41% sustained injuries by falls from trees. The commonest region of injury was the head and neck (71%) with the site of primary impact being the same. The most common injuries in the head, thorax, and abdomen/pelvis were skull fractures (60%), rib fractures (84%), and liver lacerations (59%), respectively. The main skull fracture was linear (67%), with the commonest site being the temporal (36%) and occipital (36%). With increasing height, the frequency of injuries to the thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and limbs also increased. Most (68%) died after being brought to hospital. Alcohol consumption was estimated as 10% in the sample considered.
Conclusion: None had been using any safety equipment. This study underscores the importance of protective devices for people who work at heights to prevent fatalities. Compliance can be further enhanced by creating awareness among the vulnerable groups.