Unmanned Aerial Systems in Sri Lanka: An Operational Framework for Land-Based Air Operations

The Nagorno-Karabakh war in 2020 demonstrated the unprecedented paradigm shift in aerial warfare, with the Azerbaijan military successfully employing attack Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), commonly known as drones, to destroy enemy troops and defence systems. This study underscored the importance of comprehending and keeping up with the evolving trends of drone operations in the security realm. The study addressed the knowledge gap by providing valuable insights into defining an operational framework and integrated approach for drone operations in Sri Lanka. It emphasized the importance of aligning drone utilization with a defined operational framework to achieve favourable outcomes in military engagements. The conceptual framework is based on the review of theoretical studies. Besides, the study established a statistical association between the integrated approach and the employment of drones in the security realm, highlighting the significance of collaboration between different state agencies and the military. The study resorted to mixed-method research while conforming to a survey strategy. Primary data was collected through questionnaires and interviews, while secondary data was collected from literature and doctrines. The study explored that the operational framework must be based on purpose, time, space, and resources in the land and maritime domains. Further, centralised command and integrated operational environment must be established while enhancing collaboration in research and development projects to advance the drone industry in the country.