Prevalence of co-existing dermatological manifestations in cutaneous leishmaniasis

Introduction

Leishmaniasis is a vector borne protozoan infestation and manifested as cutaneous, visceral and muco-cutaneous lesions in human. Visceral form is the most virulent type and the annual incidence was 0.2-0.4 million cases around the world.1But, in Sri Lanka, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a newly established disease and is emerging as a threat to public health.2In Sri Lanka the condition is still not fully investigated nor well studied.

 

Method

The aim of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of CL in the patients coming to the dermatology unit and clinic of the District General Hospital, Matara, Sri Lanka. The study was conducted from August 2016 to March 2017.

 

Results

There were 129 participants subjected to Leishmanin Skin Test accompanied with direct interviews and physical examination. The most of participants were males (52.8%), 68.4% of them unskilled. The highest prevalent type was Non scaly nodule (45.0%). Most common site of lesion was arm (47.1%). Majority had a single lesion (76.7%). Co-existing skin manifestations of hypopigmentation (36.9%) was the commonest. In (63.6%), co-existing skin lesions involved only less than 2% of body surface area. The hypopigmentation was significantly associated with Age, Sex and work outdoor while photodermatitis was significantlyassociated with age and photosensitivity. Eczematisation was significantly associated with diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia.

 

Conclusions

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is more prevalent among 31 -41-year age group and males. Majority are primary, single, early presentation and non-scaly nodule. The limbs are the commonest affected site. CL is significantly associated with co-existing skin manifestations of hypopigmentation, photodermatitis, eczematisation and follicular papules.