Role of Reverse Logistics in Solid Waste Management: A Systematic Review

This systematic review aims to identify factors and practices related to reverse logistics applicable to solid waste management. The review covers 58 peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2025, sourced using the PRISMA framework. This review reveals that academic interest in reverse logistics in solid waste management has been growing, especially since 2016, with the highest concentration of studies originating from Asia and the Americas. The thematic analysis identifies seven main categories of influencing factors, including organizational, economic, regulatory, technological, infrastructure, stakeholder collaboration, public awareness and participation. In addition, the integration of digital tools such as the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and tracking systems emerges as a key enabler of reverse logistics effectiveness. The review further describes the key challenges in adopting digital tools and technology solutions, including financial constraints, limited digital infrastructure, interoperability issues, shortage of skilled human capital. This review addresses a significant gap by systematically synthesizing current knowledge on strategies, practices, and influencing factors, and providing a foundational understanding for researchers, policymakers, and businesses aiming to improve the circularity and sustainability of solid waste systems.