Demographic, Clinical Characteristics, Gender Disparity and Angiographic Profiles of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Coronary Angiography in Sri Lanka

Regardless of recent advances, cardiovascular morbidity is still a challenge for healthcare systems in both developed and developing countries. This study aimed to identify demographic, clinical, and risk factors among patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) in Sri Lanka.
This retrospective study enrolled patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who underwent CAG at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka between April/2020-March/2021. Medical records and data on demographic and clinical variables were collected and reviewed. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, ANOVA, bivariate logistic regression, chi-square test and fisher’s exact test were used in data analysis.
The final analysis included 1,062 patients, of which 75% were males, the mean age was 56, and the majority were males (75%). The most common CAG indication was ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in 530 patients (50%), followed by non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in 304 patients (29%). Coronary artery disease (CAD) was found in 1,020 (96%) of patients, of which 27%, 29% and 44% had single, double, and triple vessel disease (TVD), respectively. Family history of CAD and males were independently associated with incidences of STEMI (odds ratio [OR]:3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-7.4,p<0.001 and OR:3.7, 95%CI:2.8-5.3,p<0.001, respectively) and NSTEMI (OR:4.6, 95% CI: 1.4-10.1, p<0.001 and OR:2.8, 95%CI: 2.1-4.2,p=0.03, respectively). Dyslipidaemia was independently associated with STEMI incidence (OR:2.2, 95%CI: 1.9-3.3,p=0.01).
The study emphasizes the importance of controlling modifiable risk factors and aggressively pursuing prevention strategies to reduce cardiovascular morbidity