Factor structure and psychometric properties of translated Sinhala version ofResilience Scale-14 among Grade 10 adolescents in Colombo District, Sri Lanka

Introduction: Resilience means ability to bounce back following exposure to adversity. 
Objectives: To translate Resilience Scale-14 (RS-14) into Sinhala language and assess its factor structure and psychometric properties among Grade 10 adolescents in Sri Lanka 
Methods: Translation of RS-14 was conducted according to the WHO guidelines, after which it was named as 14-Item Sinhala Resilience Scale (14-Item SRS). Final sample size computed for factor analysis was 496. Eight schools were chosen purposively from Colombo District. Two classes from each school and 31 students per class were selected using simple random sampling. Overall response was 470 leaving 235 each for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Factorability was assessed using Kaiser–Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlee’s tests. Factor extraction was conducted using relevant statistical methods. Factor retention was assessed with Kaiser’s criterion, Cattell’s Scree test and PA, followed by Oblimin rotation. Adjusted robust maximum likelihood estimation assessed the CFA.  
Results: Mean age of the adolescents was 15.4 years (SD=0.32). The sample consisted of 57% females and 97.2% Sinhalese. KMO was 0.814. Bartlett’s test demonstrated p<0.05 and multicollinearity was not detected.  Both EFA and CFA proved a two-factor structure retaining all 14 items. Two factors with six and eight items respectively were named ‘Personal competencies’ and ‘Personal characteristics’. Total variance of the two factors was 56%. Internal consistency was proved with Cronbach alpha values of 0.881 and 0.822 and composite reliability of 0.9 and 0.91, respectively. Convergent and discriminant validity was established for both factors, substantiating construct validity. Good fit was demonstrated by several statistical parameters.   
Conclusions & Recommendations: Validated 14-Item SRS is recommended to assess resilience among Sinhala-speaking Grade 10 adolescents in Sri Lanka.