Evaluating the Performance of the Artificial Insemination Program in Kahatagasdigiliya Veterinary Service Division, Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka: A Case Study

Artificial insemination is an essential reproductive technology in the dairy industry, widely used to enhance genetic quality and boost productivity. The profitability of dairy herds is closely linked to reproductive efficiency; thus, poor reproductive outcomes can significantly affect overall farm performance. This study evaluated the reproductive performances of dairy cows in the Kahatagasdigiliya Veterinary Service Division, located in Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka. Secondary data related to artificial insemination were collected from the Divisional Veterinary Office, covering the period from 2016 to 2020. Descriptive statistics and Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) were conducted to assess key performance indicators: female calf birth rate and services per conception ratio. The findings showed an average female calf birth rate of 55.63%, ranging from 48.19% in 2016 to 62.26% in 2020. The average services per conception ratio was 1.45, with annual variation between 1.34 and 1.57. No significant differences were observed in reproductive performance based on the source of semen. An economic assessment, based on data from the Department of Animal Production and Health indicated a 45% increase in the cost of artificial insemination services and a 45% decline in milk revenue, primarily due to poor reproductive outcomes. In conclusion, the artificial insemination program in the study area showed suboptimal reproductive performance, indicating room for improvement. Addressing these challenges requires a collaborative approach among veterinarians, farmers, and government agencies to enhance the effectiveness and outcomes of artificial insemination programs.