Role of Farmer Field Schools in ChallengingWeed Management Under Climate Change in Jordan as an Example for Developing Countries

Purpose: This review aims to focus on the role of field farmer schools in solving the problems related to weed management under climate change in developing countries, taking Jordan as an example. Therefore, awareness helps farmers adapt to emerging weed issues and incorporate effective control strategies. This is especially true in regions like Jordan, where low-input farming systems are common, and there is a need for trained extension agents to educate communities on agroecology and weed management.
Research Method: A structured literature search across major academic databases and synthesis process were used in this review article to ensure comprehensive coverage of the role of FFSs to deal with weed problems under climate change, where Jordan was used as a case study representative of developing countries. The search covered 104 publications up to 2025 to capture two decades of evolving knowledge on FFS and climate-related challenges in agriculture. Jordan as a case study, highlighting specific FFS experiences, challenges, and lessons applicable to broader developing country contexts.
Findings and Values: FFSs provide practical, on-site training, helping farmers learn modern weed control strategies. These schools have proven successful in spreading knowledge to neighboring farms, raising collective awareness of sustainable management practices across farming communities. A collaboration between the governmental bodies and academic researchers is requested to activate the role of FFSs to produce a generation of pioneer farmers who could circulate their knowledge to other farms. However, a success in Jordan happened in Farmer Schools in enhancing the use of soil solarization to combat soil-borne diseases and weeds in the Jordan Valley.