Current perspectives on the pathogenesis and management of haemorrhoids

Haemorrhoids are usually asymptomatic, and are considered a disease only if they become symptomatic. The commonest symptoms are rectal bleeding and mucosal prolapse. In the majority of patients, haemorrhoids can be managed conservatively by increasing dietary fibre and fluid intake along with lifestyle modifications. Those with more advanced disease may be managed by sclerotherapy or rubber band ligation. Surgery is reserved for patients with failed medical therapy and for those who have developed complications. This article would discuss the current concepts on the pathogenesis and management of haemorrhoids.