Engineering Features of Ancient Stupa Structure: A Review Based on Jethavana Vihara

The ancient stiipas, one of the largest brick structures even on a global scale, occupy a highly venerated position in Buddhist minds. Their structures have been technically analyzed to some extent, especially as a means of base knowledge for conservation purposes. In such technical studies, either stitpa is considered as a single monolithic structure or a combination of monolithic structures. However archaeological excavations prove that the interior of a stupa consists of different zones with different materials in different layouts. The objective of this paper is to explore the possible functionality and structural interface between such zones and also to identify the philosophy and engineering traditions behind the design of these mega structures.