Optimizing Agro-Voltaic Systems: Enhancing Agricultural Productivity and Energy Generation through Transparent Solar Arrays

This study introduces an innovative strategy for dual land use that simultaneously enhances water availability for year-round agriculture and generates electricity. This approach aligns with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to food security and sustainable energy. The proposed method involves developing an agro-voltaic system featuring transparent solar arrays coupled with a solar-powered water pumping mechanism. Crop yields under varying water and irradiance conditions were simulated using the DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) agricultural simulation software. Additionally, power generation was predicted by adjusting the arrangement of photovoltaic (PV) panel strips to achieve the desired level of translucency. The solar water pump was designed and validated using commercial software. Our economic analysis revealed that employing two-strip and three-strip PV panels, as opposed to the conventional PV panel layout, yields optimal results in terms of both agricultural productivity and energy generation. This creative integration not only achieves a balance between energy production and crop development but also offers farmers a stable income source while providing eco-friendly energy to the grid. The study also conducted a cost analysis, assuming the initial cost of solar panel installation would be met with a 15-year bank loan. The analysis included the calculation of interest and monthly payments over the 15-year period, demonstrating the financial viability of the project.