Effective storage structures for preservation of stored grains in Nigeria: A review

The preservation of agricultural produce is crucial to ensure food security reducing postharvest losses. Most farm produce begin to deteriorate as soon as they are harvested. Agents of spoilage include environmental conditions, rodents, microorganisms, insect infestations, and poor storage facilities. The traditional storage systems in Nigeria play a crucial role in preserving grains. These structures are designed to protect grains from environmental factors such as humidity and temperature fluctuations, and pests. Commonly used structures include granaries, earthen pots, mud silos, crabs, storage baskets, underground pits, and open-air storage structures. These are used primarily for storing grains such as cowpea, maize, sorghum, millet, and rice. These storage facilities are built using locally available materials and techniques that have been passed down through generations, reflecting the rich cultural heritage of the Nigerian people. The traditional methods of grain storage are effective in reducing post-harvest losses ensuring food security in rural communities. However, the changing landscape of agriculture and the growing demands of modern society have necessitated modern storage structures, thereby maintaining the authenticity and sustainability of the grain. This review aims to provide an overview of various storage structures and their effectiveness in preserving agriculturally stored grains. The review focuses on key factors such as temperature control, humidity control, ventilation, pest control, and structural integrity. The findings of this review can help policymakers, researchers, and farmers to make strategic decisions regarding the selection and design of storage structures for storable crops.