Indigenous treatment regimen in the management of bladder carcinoma: A preliminary assessment on cytokine expression in three male patients

Bladder carcinoma is the nineth most common cancer and 13^th most common cause of death from cancer with around 430,000 new cases recorded worldwide in 2012. This study evaluated the efficacy of an indigenous treatment regimen in managing bladder carcinoma in three bladder cancer patients.. Three patients were treated with two indigenous herbal drug compounds: as follows: C1 powder – 10 g/day and IM powder -10 g/day for six months. Cystoscopy was carried out before and after treatment. Serum IL-2, IL-5, IL-17, Interferon-ɣ, and PUMA were quantified using ELISA before and after 45 d and 90 d of the treatments. The IL-2 concentration increased, and IL-5 and IL-17 expressions decreased after the treatment regimen. After six months of treatment, all three patients presented with cystoscopy reports which showed no evidence of recurrence of malignancy and. the bladder cancer patients were asymptomatic. Further investigations are required to evaluate the mechanism of effectiveness of this indigenous treatment regimen in controlling bladder carcinoma.