References
- World Health Organization. Goal 3 : Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform. WHO SDGS Progress, Targets and Indicators. Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2018.
- Glick M, Williams DM, Kleinman DV, Vujicic M, Watt RG, Weyant RJ. A new definition for oral health developed by the FDI World Dental Federation opens the door to a universal definition of oral health. Br Dent J. 2016;221(12): 915-17.
- Peres MA, Macpherson LM, Weyant RJ, Daly B, Venturelli R, Mathur MR, et al. Oral diseases: A global public health challenge. Lancet. 2019;394(10194):249-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31146-8 PMid:31327369
- Yang LC, Yu HC, Chang YC. The recent new findings of periodontal systemic connection from Taiwan’s National health insurance research database. J Dent Sci. 2021;16(2):789-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2021.01.006 PMid:33854738
- Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Info DATIN Kesehatan Gigi Nasional. Indonesia: Pusdatin Kemenkes RI; 2019. p. 1-6.
- Armitage GC. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann Periodontol. 1999;4(1):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1902/annals.1999.4.1.1 PMid:10863370
- Gursoy-Mert H, Altan-Koran M, Noyan U, Kadir T, Cologlu S, Yilmaz S. Evaluation of the effectiveness of Er: YAG laser and conventional periodontal treatment in a patient with acute streptococcal gingivitis: A 2-year follow-up. Photomed Laser Surg. 2010;28(6):841-5. https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2009.2705 PMid:21142726
- Kennedy HF, Morrison D, Tomlinson D, Gibson BE, Bagg J, Gemmell CG. Gingivitis and toothbrushes: Potential roles in viridans streptococcal bacteraemia. J Infect. 2003;46(1):67-70. https://doi.org/10.1053/jinf.2002.1084 PMid:12504614
- Dilsiz A, Sevinc S. Therapy of a patient with acute streptococcal gingivitis : Case report and review of the literature. JSM Dent. 2014;2(2):1025. https://doi.org/10.47739/2333-7133/1025
- Pambayun R, Hasmeda M, Saputra D, Suhel S. Peningkatan Produksi Dan Perbaikan Kualitas Gambir Toman, Musi Banyu Asin. In: Laporan Kegiatan Program Vucer Multi Years, Kerjasama DITBINLITABMAS DIKTI melalui UNSRI dengan Pemda Musi Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan; 2001.
- Pambayun R, Murdijati G, Slamet S, Kapti R. Sensitivity of Gram- Positive bacteria to catechin extracted from gambir (Uncaria Gambir). Agritech J Fak Teknol Pertan UGM. 2008; 174-179.
- Lucida H, Bakhtiar A, Putri WA. Formulation of oral antiseptic preparation from gambir catechin. J Sains Teknol Farm. 2007;12(1):41-47.
- Amos A. Gambir as an antibacterial agent in mouthwash formulation. J Sains dan Teknol Indones. 2013;11(3):188-192.
- Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor HK.02.02/MENKES/62/2015 Tentang Panduan Praktik Klinis Bagi Dokter Gigi. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2015.
- Kashetty M, Kumbhar S, Patil S, Patil P. Oral hygiene status, gingival status, periodontal status, and treatment needs among pregnant and nonpregnant women: A comparative study. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2018;22(2):164-70. https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_319_17 PMid:29769772
- Albandar JM, Rams TE. Global epidemiology of periodontal diseases: An overview. Periodontology 2000. 2002;29:7-10. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0757.2002.290101.x PMid:12102700
- König J, Holtfreter B, Kocher T. Periodontal health in Europe: Future trends based on treatment needs and the provision of periodontal services-position paper 1. Eur J Dent Educ. 2010;14(Suppl 1):4-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0579.2010.00620.x PMid: 20415972
- Li Y, Lee S, Hujoel P, Su M, Zhang W, Kim J, et al. Prevalence and severity of gingivitis in American adults. Am J Dent. 2010;23(1):9-13. PMid:20437720
- Riskesdas. Primary Findings of the 2018 National Health Survey by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Indonesia: Kementrian Kesehat Republik Indones; 2018.
- Hassan BM, Intan Suhana MM, Farha A. Inflammation of the gums. Malays Fam Physician. 2020;15(1):71-3. PMid:32284812
- Pari A, Ilango P, Subbareddy V, Katamreddy V, Parthasarthy H. Gingival diseases in childhood-a review. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2014;8(10):ZE01-04. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2014/9004.4957 PMid:25478471
- Syndergaard B, Al-Sabbagh M, Kryscio RJ, Xi J, Ding X, Ebersole JL, et al. Salivary biomarkers associated with gingivitis and response to therapy. J Periodontol. 2014;85(8):e295-303. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2014.130696 PMid:24502627
- Page RC, Schroeder HE. Pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal disease. A summary of current work. Lab Invest. 1976;34(3):235-49. PMid:765622
- Trombelli L, Farina R, Silva CO, Tatakis DN. Plaque-induced gingivitis: Case definition and diagnostic considerations. J Periodontol. 2018;89(Suppl 1):S44-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12939 PMid:29926492
- Amos A. The catechin content of gambir: A primary product of Indonesia’s production centers. J Stand. 2010;12(3):149. https://doi.org/10.20319/lijhls.2018.42.3446
- Setyowati H. Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb) as natural cosmeceutical agent. Cermin Dalam Kedokteran. 2017;44(3): 222-224.
- Hilal Y, Engelhardt U. Characterisation of white tea-comparison to green and black tea. J fur Verbraucherschutz Leb. 2007;2(4):414-421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00003-007-0250-3
- Musdja MY, Rahman HA, Hasan D. Antioxidant activity of catechins isolate of uncaria gambier Roxb in male rats. Life Int J Health Life Sci. 2018;4(2):34-46. https://doi.org/10.20319/lijhls.2018.42.3446
- Armoskaite V, Ramanauskiene K, Maruska A, Razukas A, Dagilyte A, Baranauskas A, et al. The analysis of quality and antioxidant activity of green tea extracts. J Med Plants Res. 2011;5(5):811-6.
- Rahmaddiansyah R, Hasani S, Zikrah AA, Arisanty D. The effect of gambier catechin isolate on cervical cancer cell death (HeLa Cell Lines). Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2022;10(B):1293-7. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8779
- Anggraini T, Rini R, Aini L. The extraction of gambier by using ultrasonic assisted at various temperature. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2021;757(1):012058. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/757/1/012058
- Hilmi HL, Rahayu D. Aktivitas farmakologi gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.). Farmaka. 2018;16(2):134-41.
- Meulenbeld GH, Zuilhof H, Van VeldhuizenA, Van Den Heuvel RH, Hartmans S. Enhanced (+)-catechin transglucosylating activity of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 glucosyltransferase-D due to fructose removal. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999;65(9):4141-7. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.65.9.4141-4147.1999 PMid:10473427
- Ilmiawati C, Nurhayati N, Bambang B. The influence of toothpaste containing gambir catechin (Uncaria gambir Roxb) on the reduction of dental plaque index. Andalas Dent J. 2020;8(2):57-63.
- Ayuningsih F. Formulation of Toothpaste from Purified Catechin and Antibacterial Activity Test against Streptococcus mutans. Universitas Perintis; 2021. Available from: https://repo.upertis.ac.id/1348/1/draftskripsi-fitriaayuningsih.pdf
- Bayuarti YD. Study on the Production Process of Gambir Toothpaste as an Antibacterial Agent. Bogor: Bogor Agricultural Institute; 2006.
- Kozai K, Soto M, Yamaguchi N, Nagasaka N. Gambier as an inhibitor of dental plaque formation. Dent J. 1995;28:95-6.
- Christianty F, Nurul D, Kemal Y. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Rinsing with 50% and 25% Concentration Brewed Green Tea Solutions in Clinically Inhibiting Dental Plaque Formation on Six Tooth Surfaces: A Clinical Study on Students of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia. Universitas Indonesia; 2008. Available from: https://www.lontar.ui.ac.id/detail?id=125157&lokasi=lokal [Last accessed on 2023 Dec18].
- Rustanti E, Jannah A, Fasya AG. Antibacterial activity test of catechin compounds from tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L. var. Assamica) against Micrococcus luteus bacteria. ALCHEMY. 2013; 2(2):138-149.
- Susilowati A, Sumarawati T. A study on the long-term effect of rinsing with gambir (Uncaria gambir) infusion on dental plaque formation. J Sains Med. 2012;4(1):58.