Abstract
BACKGROUND
Unicystic ameloblastoma is a benign yet locally aggressive odontogenic tumor, predominantly affecting the mandible in young adults. Its pathogenesis involves dysregulation of odontogenic signaling pathways, including MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, and Sonic Hedgehog, as well as molecular alterations affecting proliferation and extracellular matrix remodeling. Activating BRAF V600E mutations and cytokine-mediated mechanisms, such as osteoclast activation, contribute to tumor growth and local invasiveness. We aimed to present a case of unicystic ameloblastoma and discuss its clinical, radiographic, and histopathological features, with emphasis on molecular and immunological mechanisms relevant to management.
CASE REPORT
A 40-year-old female presented with a persistent, firm swelling in the anterior mandible. CBCT revealed a unilocular radiolucent lesion involving teeth 32 and 33. Preoperative endodontic therapy was performed, followed by surgical enucleation under local anesthesia. Histopathology confirmed a unicystic plexiform ameloblastoma. Postoperative healing was uneventful, and one-year follow-up imaging showed no recurrence.
CONCLUSION
Local invasiveness and recurrence are driven by molecular and immunological mechanisms, including BRAF V600E mutations, MAPK/Wnt signaling dysregulation, and TNF-α–mediated stromal interactions. Complete surgical removal with careful follow-up remains critical for favorable outcomes.