References
- Popa M, Peltecu G, Gica N, Ciobanu AM, Botezatu R, Gica C, et al. Asthma in pregnancy. Review of current literature and recommendations. Maedica (Bucur). 2021;16(1):80-7. https://doi.org/10.26574/maedica.2020.16.1.80 PMid:34221160
- Couillard S, Connolly C, Borg C, Pavord I. Asthma in pregnancy: An update. Obstet Med. 2021;14(3):135-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/1753495X20965072 PMid:34646341
- Schatz M, Dombrowski MP, Wise R, Thom EA, Landon M, Mabie W, et al. Asthma morbidity during pregnancy can be predicted by severity classification. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;112(2):283-8. https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2003.1516 PMid:12897733
- Liu X, Agerbo E, Schlünssen V, Wright RJ, Li J, Munk-Olsen T. Maternal asthma severity and control during pregnancy and risk of offspring asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;141(3):886-92.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2017.05.016 PMid:28712803
- Murphy VE, Clifton VL, Gibson PG. Asthma exacerbations during pregnancy: Incidence and association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Thorax. 2006;61(2):169-76. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2005.049718 PMid:16443708
- Priandari N, Wiyono WH, Yunus F, Antariksa B, Isbaniah F, Susanto AD, et al. O17-1: Asthma status during COVID-19 pandemic. Respirology. 2021;26(Suppl 3):45. https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14149_98
- Eldeirawi KM, Nyenhuis SM, Huntington-Moskos L, Polivka BJ. Coronavirus disease 2019-related anxiety is associated with uncontrolled asthma in adults. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2022;129(1):109-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2022.04.011 PMid:35470038
- Ekström S, Mogensen I, Georgelis A, Westman M, Almqvist C, Melén E, et al. General stress among young adults with asthma during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022;10(1):108-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2021.10.069 PMid:34785389
- Chiang CY, Aït-Khaled N, Bissell K, Enarson DA. Management of asthma in resource-limited settings: Role of low-cost corticosteroid/β-agonist combination inhaler. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2015;19(2):129-36. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.14.0363 PMid:25574908
- Gadrey SM, Lau CE, Clay R, Rhodes GT, Lake DE, Moore CC, et al. Imputation of partial pressures of arterial oxygen using oximetry and its impact on sepsis diagnosis. Physiol Meas. 2019;40(11):115008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/ab5154 PMid:31652430
- Ayres-de-Campos D, Spong CY, Chandraharan E, FIGO Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring Expert Consensus Panel. FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Cardiotocography. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015;131(1):13-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.06.020 PMid:26433401
- Sabatine MS. Pocket Medicine: The Massachusetts General Hospital Handbook of Internal Medicine. 7th ed. North American: Wolters Kluwer; 2019.
- Dubaybo BA. The care of asthma patients in communities with limited resources. Res Rep Trop Med. 2021;12:33-8. https://doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S247716 PMid:33727880
- Clifton VL, Busuttil MD. A case study of stillbirth in a pregnancy complicated by asthma. Obstet Gynecol Cases Rev. 2015;2:1-3. https://doi.org/10.23937/2377-9004/1410027
- GINA Committees. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Fontana, USA: Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA); 2022. p. 1-225.
- Lim AS, Stewart K, Abramson MJ, George J. Management of asthma in pregnant women by general practitioners: A cross sectional survey. BMC Fam Pract. 2011;12:121. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2296-12-121 PMid:22047491
- Baarnes CB, Hansen AV, Ulrik CS. Enrolment in an asthma management program during pregnancy and adherence with inhaled corticosteroids: The ‘management of asthma during pregnancy’ program. Respiration. 2016;92(1):9-15. https://doi.org/10.1159/000447244 PMid:27348313
- Sellers WF. Inhaled and intravenous treatment in acute severe and life-threatening asthma. Br J Anaesth. 2013;110(2):183-90. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aes444 PMid:23234642
- Duki MI, Sudarmadi S, Suzuki S, Kawada T, Tri-Tugaswati A. Effect of air pollution on respiratory health in Indonesia and its economic cost. Arch Environ Health. 2003;58(3):135-43. https://doi.org/10.3200/AEOH.58.3.135-143 PMid:14535572
- Baldacci S, Maio S, Cerrai S, Sarno G, Baïz N, Simoni M, et al. Allergy and asthma: Effects of the exposure to particulate matter and biological allergens. Respir Med. 2015;109(9):1089-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2015.05.017 PMid:26073963
- Lin CH, Cerrone DA. Shifts in asthma evaluation and management during COVID-19. Curr Treat Options Allergy. 2022;9(2):42-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40521-022-00304-7 PMid:35582628
- Namazy JA, Schatz M. Asthma and pregnancy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128(6):1384-5.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.10.034 PMid:22133321
- Boehringer Ingelheim. Pulmicort Respules 0.5mg. Datapharm; 2017. Available from: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/880/smpc#gref [Last accessed on 2022 Jan 09].
- Boehringer Ingelheim. Combivent UDVs. Datapharm; 2020. Available from: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1423/smpc#pregnancy [Last accessed on 2022 Jan 09].
- Gaga M, Oikonomidou E, Zervas E, Papageorgiou-Georgatou N. Asthma and pregnancy: Interactions and management. Breathe. 2007;3(3):267-76. https://doi.org/10.1183/18106838.0303.266
- Roberts D, Brown J, Medley N, Dalziel SR. Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;3(3):CD004454. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004454.pub3 PMid:28321847
- Gregersen TL, Ulrik CS. Safety of bronchodilators and corticosteroids for asthma during pregnancy: What we know and what we need to do better. J Asthma Allergy. 2013;6:117-25. https://doi.org/10.2147/JAA.S52592 PMid:24259987
- Simons FE, Gillies JD. Dose response of subcutaneous terbutaline and epinephrine in children with acute asthma. Am J Dis Child. 1981;135(3):214-7. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1981.02130270006004 PMid:7211775
- Kane BG. Alternative Treatments for Acute Asthma during COVID. American College of Emergency Physicians: ACEP COVID-19 Field Guide. 2021. Available from: https://www.acep.org/corona/covid-19-field-guide/treatment/alternative-treatments [Last accessed on 2022 Jan 09].
- Shaker MS, Oppenheimer J, Grayson M, Stukus D, Hartog N, Hsieh EW, et al. Reply to Subcutaneous terbutaline as an alternative to aerosolized albuterol. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract.
- Boehringer Ingelheim. Bricanyl Injection, 0.5 mg/ml, Solution for Injection or Infusion. Datapharm; 2021. Available from: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/867/smpc#gref [Last cited on 2022 Jan 09].
- Kelly HW. Magnesium sulfate for severe acute asthma in children. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2003;8(1):40-5. https://doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-8.1.40 PMid:23300395
- Kokotajlo S, Degnan L, Meyers R, Siu A, Robinson C. Use of intravenous magnesium sulfate for the treatment of an acute asthma exacerbation in pediatric patients. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2014;19(2):91-7. https://doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-19.2.91 PMid:25024668
- Food and Drug Administration. FDA Recommends Against Prolonged Use of Magnesium Sulfate to Stop Pre-Term Labor Due to Bone Changes in Exposed Babies. Silver Spring: Food and Drug Administration; 2013. p. 5-8.
- Rahman Z, Helali AM. Facts about magnesium sulfate: Time to revise the safety concern in obstetric use. J Enam Med Coll. 2014;4(3):177-83. https://doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v4i3.20957
- Lafond C, Sériès F, Lemière C. Impact of CPAP on asthmatic patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J. 2007;29(2):307-11. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00059706 PMid:17050561
- Sutherasan Y, Kiatboonsri S, Theerawit P, Kiatboonsri C, Trakulsrichai S. Impact of continuous positive airway pressure on the treatment of acute exacerbation of asthma: A randomised controlled trial. Crit Care. 2013;17 Suppl 2:P149. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc12087
- Soroksky A, Klinowski E, Ilgyev E, Mizrachi A, Miller A, Ben Yehuda TM, et al. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in acute asthmatic attack. Eur Respir Rev. 2010;19(115):39-45. https://doi.org/10.1183/09059180.00006109 PMid:20956164
- Nowak R, Corbridge T, Brenner B. Noninvasive ventilation. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2009;6(4):367-70. https://doi.org/10.1513/pats.P09ST3 PMid:19675346
- Goodnight WH, Soper DE. Pneumonia in pregnancy. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(10 Suppl):S390-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000182483.24836.66 PMid:16215363
- Brabin L, Brabin BJ, Gies S. Influence of iron status on risk of maternal or neonatal infection and on neonatal mortality with an emphasis on developing countries. Nutr Rev. 2013;71(8):528-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12049 PMid:23865798
- Hsu YL, Lin CL, Wei CC. Association between vesicoureteral reflux, urinary tract infection and antibiotics exposure in infancy and risk of childhood asthma. PLoS One. 2021;16(9):e0257531. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257531 PMid:34547047
- Crofts J, Obs S, St G. Women and Children’s Health Maternity Guideline. NHS; 2021. Available from: https://www.oaa-anaes.ac.uk/assets/_managed/cms/files/clinicalguidelines/sepsisguideline2019.pdf [Last accessed on 2022 Jan 04].
- Mittal P, Wing DA. Urinary tract infections in pregnancy. Clin Perinatol. 2005;32(3):749-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2005.05.006 PMid:16085031
- Laibl V, Sheffield J. The management of respiratory infections during pregnancy. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2006;26(1):155-72, viii. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iac.2005.11.003 PMid:16443149
- Stefan MS, Shieh MS, Spitzer KA, Pekow PS, Krishnan JA, Au DH, et al. Association of antibiotic treatment with outcomes in patients hospitalized for an asthma exacerbation treated with systemic corticosteroids. JAMA Intern Med. 2019;179(3):333-9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.5394 PMid:30688986
- Sandrock CE, Norris A. Infection in severe asthma exacerbations and critical asthma syndrome. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2015;48(1):104-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-014-8435-x PMid:24984968
- Beloosesky R, Ginsberg Y, Khatib N, Maravi N, Ross MG, Itskovitz-Eldor J, et al. Prophylactic maternal N-acetylcysteine in rats prevents maternal inflammation-induced offspring cerebral injury shown on magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013;208(3):213.e1-213.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2013.01.023 PMid:23433325
- Gupta R, Wadhwa R. Mucolytic medications. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island FL, StatPearls Publishing; 2021. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559163 [Last accessed on 2021 Jan 10].
- Macchi A, Terranova P, Castelnuovo P. Recurrent acute rhinosinusitis: A single blind clinical study of N-acetylcysteine vs ambroxol associated to corticosteroid therapy. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2012;25(1):207-17. https://doi.org/10.1177/039463201202500123 PMid:22507333
- Shimaa MM, Hossam EG, El-Mansoury AM. Effect of N-acetyl cysteine supplementation on blood lead levels in pregnant women suffering from pre-Eclampsia. Obstet Gynaecol Cases Rev. 2018;5(3):1-8. https://doi.org/10.23937/2377-9004/1410126
- Amin AF, Shaaban OM, Bediawy MA. N-acetyl cysteine for treatment of recurrent unexplained pregnancy loss. Reprod Biomed Online. 2008;17(5):722-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60322-7 PMid:18983759
- Zolotareva O, Saik OV, Königs C, Bragina EY, Goncharova IA, Freidin MB, et al. Comorbidity of asthma and hypertension may be mediated by shared genetic dysregulation and drug side effects. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):16302. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52762-w PMid:31705029
- Gupta M, Al Khalili Y. Methyldopa. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2021. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551671 [Last accessed on 2022 Jan 09].
- Kattah AG, Garovic VD. The management of hypertension in pregnancy. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2013;20(3):229-39. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2013.01.014 PMid:23928387
- Haas DM, Benjamin T, Sawyer R, Quinney SK. Short-term tocolytics for preterm delivery-current perspectives. Int J Womens Health. 2014;6:343-9. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S44048 PMid:24707187
- Hoeltzenbein M, Beck E, Fietz AK, Wernicke J, Zinke S, Kayser A, et al. Pregnancy outcome after first trimester use of methyldopa: A prospective cohort study. Hypertension. 2017;70(1):201-8. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09110 PMid:28533329
- Najout H, Moutawakil M, Elkoundi A, Doghmi N, Bekkali H. Salbutamol-induced severe lactic acidosis in acute asthma. SAGE Open Med Case Rep. 2020;8:2050313X20969027. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050313X20969027 PMid:35154769
- Liedtke AG, Lava SA, Milani GP, Agostoni C, Gilardi V, Bianchetti MG, et al. Selective ß2-adrenoceptor agonists and relevant hyperlactatemia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2019;9(1):71. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9010071 PMid:1892109
- Phoophiboon V, Singhagowinta P, Boonkaya S, Sriprasart T. Salbutamol-induced lactic acidosis in status asthmaticus survivor. BMC Pulm Med. 2021;21(1):23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-021-01404-x PMid:33435939
- Ruszkai Z, Bokrétás GP, Bartha PT. Sevoflurane therapy for life-threatening acute severe asthma: A case report. Can J Anaesth. 2014;61(10):943-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-014-0213-y PMid:25069782
- Esmailian M, Esfahani MK, Heydari F. The effect of low-dose ketamine in treating acute asthma attack; A randomized clinical trial. Emerg (Tehran). 2018;6(1):e21. PMid:30009223
- Vasileiadis I, Alevrakis E, Ampelioti S, Vagionas D, Rovina N, Koutsoukou A. Acid-base disturbances in patients with asthma: A literature review and comments on their pathophysiology. J Clin Med. 2019;8(4):10.3390/jcm8040563. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8040563 PMid:31027265
- Murphy VE, Gibson PG, Smith R, Clifton VL. Asthma during pregnancy: Mechanisms and treatment implications. Eur Respir J. 2005;25(4):731-50. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.05.00085704 PMid:15802351