Exploring the Road to Justiciability of the Human Right to Water in Suriname

District⁸	Total	%
Paramaribo	240,924	44,5
Wanica	118,222	21,8
*Urban*	359,146	66,3
Nickerie	34,233	6,3
Coronie	2,887	0,6
Saramacca	17,480	3,2
Commewijne	31,420	5,8
Para	24,700	4,6
*Rural*	111,224	20,5
Marowijne	18,294	3,4
Brokopondo	15,909	2,9
Sipaliwini	37,065	6,8
*Interior*	71,268	13,1
*Total*	541,638	100

Table 2

Selection of relevant international instruments that Suriname is a party to.

Instrument	Entry into force
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)	1976
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (OP-ICCPR)	1976
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)	1977
American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR)	1987
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the area of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (APACHR)	1990
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)	1993
Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)	1993
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)	2017

Legal foundations of the Human Right to Water.
Right to life (article 6 ICCPR)	Every human being has the inherent right to life. This right shall be protected by law. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.
Right to be free from cruel, inhumane, degrading treatment (article 7 ICCPR)	No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In particular, no one shall be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentation.
Right to food (article 11 ICESCR)	The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to an adequate standard of living for himself and his family, including adequate food, clothing and housing, and to the continuous improvement of living conditions.
Right to housing (article 11 ICESCR)	(see above)
Right to health (article 12 ICESCR)	The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health.
Right to sanitation (article 11 & 12 ICESCR)	(see above)
Right to an healthy environment (article 12 ICESCR)	(see above)
Right to partake in culture life (article 15 ICESCR)	The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone: (a) To take part in cultural life;
Article 24(2)(c) of the 1986 Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)*	States Parties shall pursue full implementation of this right and, in particular, shall take appropriate measures: (c) To combat disease and malnutrition, including within the framework of primary health care, through, inter alia, the application of readily available technology and through the provision of adequate nutritious foods and clean drinking-water, taking into consideration the dangers and risks of environmental pollution;
Article 2 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)*	States Parties recognize the right of persons with disabilities to social protection and to the enjoyment of that right without discrimination on the basis of disability, and shall take appropriate steps to safeguard and promote the realization of this right, including measures: (a) To ensure equal access by persons with disabilities to clean water services, and to ensure access to appropriate and affordable services, devices and other assistance for disability-related needs
Article 14(2)(h) of the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)*	States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in rural areas in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, that they participate in and benefit from rural development and, in particular, shall ensure to such women the right: (h) To enjoy adequate living conditions, particularly in relation to housing, sanitation, electricity and water supply, transport and communications.