Table 1
Promote pillar legal instruments, based on European Commission (n 1).
| LEGISLATION | LEGAL BASIS |
|---|---|
| Chips Act (Regulation (EU) 2023/1781) | Arts 114 and 173(3) TFEU |
| Critical Raw Materials Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1252) | Art 114 TFEU |
| Net-Zero Industry Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1735) | Art 114 TFEU |
| STEP(Regulation (EU) 2024/795) | Arts 164, 173, 175(3), 176, 177, 178, 182(1), 183 and 188 TFEU |
| Single Market Emergency Instrument (Regulation (EU) 2024/2747) | Arts 21, 46 and 114 TFEU |
Table 2
Protect pillar legal instruments, based on European Commission (n 1).
| LEGISLATION | LEGAL BASIS |
|---|---|
| Trade Defence Instruments (Regulation (EU) 2018/825 and Regulation (EU) 2016/1037) | Art 207(2) TFEU |
| FDI Screening Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2019/452) | Art 207(2) TFEU |
| Anti-Coercion Instrument (Regulation (EU) 2023/2675) | Art 207(2) TFEU |
| Foreign Subsidies Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2022/2560) | Arts 114 and 207 TFEU |
| Dual-Use Export Control Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2021/821) | Art 207(2) TFEU |
| Directive on Resilience of Critical Entities (Directive (EU) 2022/2557) | Art 114 TFEU |
| NIS2 Directive (Directive (EU) 2022/2555) | Art 114 TFEU |
| Cyber Resilience Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/2847) | Art 114 TFEU |
| Cyber Solidarity Act (Regulation (EU) 2025/38) | Arts 173(3) and 322(1)(a) TFEU |