Relationship between admission CTG and perinatal outcome
| Groups | Parameters | Admission CTG | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reactive | Suspicious | Ominous | |||
| Low-risk | Apgar score at 1 minute | ||||
| ≥ 7 | 46 (97.9%) | 1 (50.0%) | 1 (50.0%) | 0.0005 | |
| < 7 | 1 (2.1%) | 1 (50.0%) | 1 (50.0%) | ||
| Apgar score at 5 minutes | |||||
| ≥ 7 | 47 (100.0%) | 2 (100.0%) | 2 (100.0%) | No correlation observed | |
| < 7 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Neonatal resuscitation | |||||
| Yes | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | No correlation observed | |
| No | 47 (100.0%) | 2 (100.0%) | 2 (100.0%) | ||
| NICU admission | |||||
| Yes | 3 (6.4%) | 1 (50.0%) | 1 (50.0%) | 0.019 | |
| No | 44 (93.6%) | 1 (50.0%) | 1 (50.0%) | ||
| High-risk | Apgar score at 1 minute | ||||
| ≥ 7 | 17 (85.0%) | 12 (75.0%) | 5 (38.5%) | 0.015 | |
| < 7 | 3 (15.0%) | 4 (25.0%) | 8 (61.5%) | ||
| Apgar score at 5 minutes | |||||
| ≥ 7 | 20 (100.0%) | 16 (100.0%) | 13 (100.0%) | No correlation observed | |
| < 7 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Neonatal resuscitation | |||||
| Yes | 0 (0%) | 1 (6.3%) | 5 (38.5%) | 0.03 | |
| No | 20 (100.0%) | 15 (93.7%) | 8 (61.5%) | ||
| NICU admission | |||||
| Yes | 3 (15.0%) | 5 (31.3%) | 10 (76.9%) | 0.001 | |
| No | 17 (85.0%) | 11 (68.7%) | 3 (23.1%) | ||
Sociodemographic features
| Parameters | Number (n) | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|
| AGE (YEARS) | ||
| ≥ 20–< 30 | 94 | 94.0% |
| ≥ 30 | 6 | 6.0% |
| REGISTRATION STATUS | ||
| Booked | 55 | 55.0% |
| Unbooked | 45 | 45.0% |
| GESTATION (WEEKS) | ||
| ≥ 37–< 40 | 98 | 98.0% |
| ≥ 40 | 2 | 2.0% |
| GRAVIDITY | ||
| Multigravida | 57 | 57.0% |
| Primigravida | 43 | 43.0% |
| CATEGORISATION BASED ON RISK FACTORS | ||
| Low-risk group | 51 | 51.0% |
| High-risk group | 49 | 49.0% |
Relationship between the colour of liquor and CTG results in both low- and high-risk pregnancies_
| Admission CTG | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meconium Staining | Reactive | Suspicious | Ominous | Total | p-value |
| Low risk | |||||
| Clear | 47 (95.9%) | 1 (2.04%) | 1 (2.04%) | 49 | <0.001 |
| Meconium-stained | 0 (0%) | 1 (50.0%) | 1 (50.0%) | 2 | |
| Total | 47 (92.2%) | 2 (3.9%) | 2 (3.9%) | 51 | |
| High risk | |||||
| Clear | 20 (43.5%) | 16 (34.8%) | 10 (21.7%) | 46 | 0.018 |
| Meconium-stained | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (100.0%) | 3 | |
| Total | 20 (40.8%) | 16 (32.7%) | 13 (26.5%) | 49 | |
Relationship between the admission CTG results and the mode of delivery in the low-and high-risk groups
| Groups | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Admission CTG | Mode of Delivery | Low Risk | High Risk | Total | p-value |
| Reactive | ND | 41 (87.2%) | 15 (75.0%) | 56 (83.6%) | |
| LSCS | 2 (4.3%) | 1 (5.0%) | 3 (4.5%) | ||
| Instrumental | 4 (8.5%) | 4 (20.0%) | 8 (11.9%) | ||
| Total | 47 (100.0%) | 20 (100.0%) | 67 (100.0%) | ||
| Suspicious | ND | 0(0%) | 4 (25.0%) | 4 (22.2%) | |
| LSCS | 1 (50.0%) | 4 (25.0%) | 5 (27.8%) | ||
| Instrumental | 1 (50.0%) | 8 (50.0%) | 9 (50.0%) | ||
| Total | 2 (100.0%) | 16 (100.0%) | 18 (100.0%) | 0.0001 | |
| Ominous | ND | 0(0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| LSCS | 2 (100.0%) | 13 (100.0%) | 15 (100.0%) | ||
| Instrumental | 0(0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Total | 2 (100.0%) | 13 (100.0%) | 15 (100.0%) | ||
| Total | ND | 41 (80.4%) | 19 (38.8%) | 60 (60.0%) | |
| LSCS | 5 (9.8%) | 18 (36.7%) | 23 (23.0%) | ||
| Instrumental | 5 (9.8%) | 12 (24.5%) | 17 (17.0%) | ||
| Total | 51(100.0%) | 49 (100.0%) | 100 (100.0%) | ||
Comparison of sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value of admission CTG in the prediction of neonatal outcomes between low- and high-risk pregnancies_
| Group | Parameter | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) | Positive Predictive Value (95% CI) | Negative Predictive Value (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low-risk | Apgar score at 1-min | 50.0% (1.26–98.7%) | 97.9% (88.7–99.9%) | 50.0% (1.3–98.7%) | 97.9% (88.7–99.9%) |
| NICU Admission | 25.0% (0.6–80.6%) | 97.8% (88.2–99.9%) | 50.0% (1.3–98.7%) | 93.6% (82.5–98.7%) | |
| High-risk | Apgar score at 1-min | 72.7% (39.0–93.9%) | 77.3% (54.6–92.2%) | 61.5% (31.6–86.1%) | 85.0% (62.1–96.8%) |
| NICU Admission | 76.9% (46.2–94.9%) | 85.0% (62.1–96.8%) | 76.9% (46.2–94.9%) | 85.0% (62.1–96.8%) |