Figure 1
The comparison of number (percent) of socio-demographic characteristics between two groups
| Variable | Groups | P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Control Number (percent) | |||||
| Frequency | Percentage | Frequency | Percentage | |||
| Woman’s Education woman | Guidance | 2 | 6.7 | 2 | 6.7 | 0.44 |
| Woman’s Employment | Employed | 14 | 46.7 | 10 | 33.3 | 0.43 |
| Spouses’ employment | Employed | 17 | 56.7 | 21 | 70 | 0.42 |
| Age (years) | Mean ± standard deviation | 25.80 ± 6.37 | 24.30 ± 6.80 | 0.38 | ||
| Gestational age (week) | 21.80 ± 1.27 | 21.60 ± 1.40 | 0.56 | |||
Details of the intervention
| Sessions | Counseling content | Session homework |
|---|---|---|
| First | The first session was to meet the participants and researcher, to explain the aim, the rules, and the brief full program. Providing pre-test. Talking about the concept of quality of life, self-concept in pregnancy, and checking misconceptions. Focus on human creation and discussing concerning the status of women in the continuity of creation | Practice looking at their life issues from other angles. Prepare a list of pregnancy stressors. Be aware of the stresses that accumulate all over your body and make you suffer. |
| Second | Assessing attitudes and beliefs of the pregnant woman on spiritual issues, the role of god, and religion in her life. Talking about the spiritual aspects of pregnancy and childbearing. Listening to the physical and mental problems, worries, fears, ambivalence sense in early pregnancy and her actions in daily life. | Visualize unfavorable conditions and try to switch appropriate and positive reactions in your mind to inappropriate ones. |
| Third | Discussing the positive effects of helping each other in our life. Finding the truth of their existence, not just addressing personal desires in pregnancy Focus on the concept of trust, resort, patience, kindness. Listening to positive statements of participants based on reading the holy book, and spiritual issues in overcoming or feeling calm in stressful situations. | Create a daily spiritual space of time or place at home. Reflect on what others are saying and pay attention to the root cause of others’ behavior or speech and try not to react too quickly. |
| Fourth | Blessings of God and the role of it in reinterpreting the concept of pregnancy and overcoming the worrisome symptoms of pregnancy. Strengthening individuals’ inner hope and powers for coping with pregnancy and childbearing. Teaching relaxing muscles with deep breathing for getting rid of the stress. Repeat twice daily for 10 to 15 minutes | Book therapy / listening to Qur’an voices for 10 min. |
| Fifth | Discussing the role of patience and trust in God in enduring the pain of childbirth and the spiritual reward of pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding for the mother. Encouraging to express their feeling after/ during creating a daily spiritual space. Talking about the experience of participating in religious programs or doing spiritual issues. Discuss the effect of spiritual’s beliefs on eating habits on the fetus, taking care of oneself in pregnancy. | Listening to “Nature’s Music” the sound of birds, rivers, and waterfalls… |
| Sixth | Encouraging to refer to people who create a positive atmosphere or with which she feels comfortable. Illustration and slowly moving tone using meditation relaxation technique along or with listening to relaxing music Take a realistic look at the issues and changes that have taken place in their pregnancies Do not be strict or easy-going. Allocate as much attention and time as needed to each issue | Book therapy / listening to Qur’an voices for 10 min. |
| Seventh | Pay attention to the concepts of resentment, unforgiveness, guilt, and forgiving oneself and others. Discuss the strategy of prayer therapy to reduce some symptoms of pregnancy related to pregnancy and increase hope Express the pleasure and responsibility of being a mother from the point of view of the Quran” Divine Responsibility Reward” | Focus on motherhood and look at pregnancy in terms of your productive and fertile period Enjoy the hardships of pregnancy and childbirth happily. Face these hardships and endure it |
| Eighth | Reviewing and summarizing the previous sessions’ topics | Relaxing muscles with deep breathing for getting rid of the stress. Repeat twice daily for 10 to 15 minutes |
The comparison of quality-of-life (QoLSF-36) and its domains scores between two groups
| Intervention | Control | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SF-36 Domains | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P-value | |
| Physical functioning | Pretest | 26.75 | 8.43 | 30.25 | 5.14 | 0.05 |
| Post-test | 31.08 | 8.29 | 27.58 | 5.62 | 0.06 | |
| P-value | Paired t-test = 0.0001 | Paired t-test = 0.07 | ||||
| Bodily pain | Pretest | 32.91 | 22.62 | 33.75 | 16.78 | 0.87 |
| Post-test | 33.75 | 25.24 | 38.33 | 20.74 | 0.44 | |
| P-value | Paired t-test = 0.73 | Paired t-test = 0.34 | ||||
| physical role limitations | Pretest | 6.25 | 5.91 | 5.20 | 5.46 | 0.48 |
| Post-test | 13.33 | 7.65 | 6.25 | 5.44 | 0.0001 | |
| P-value | Paired t-test = 0.0001 | Paired t-test = 0.16 | ||||
| Emotional role functioning | Pretest | 16.66 | 8.47 | 16.66 | 8.47 | 1 |
| Post-test | 29.16 | 9.22 | 16.94 | 8.32 | 0.0001 | |
| P-value | Paired t-test = 0.0001 | Paired t-test = 0.91 | ||||
| Social role functioning | Pretest | 35.41 | 12.74 | 37.08 | 8.97 | 0.56 |
| Post-test | 38.33 | 11.80 | 37.91 | 8.97 | 0.87 | |
| P-value | Paired t-test = 0.18 | Paired t-test = 0.72 | ||||
| Mental health | Pretest | 57.00 | 7.61 | 58.50 | 6.45 | 0.41 |
| Post-test | 62.33 | 8.78 | 57.16 | 6.78 | 0.01 | |
| P-value | Paired t-test = 0.0001 | Paired t-test = 0.45 | ||||
| Vitality | Pretest | 49.79 | 8.44 | 49.16 | 8.64 | 0.77 |
| Post-test | 63.33 | 4.85 | 49.16 | 8.64 | 0.0001 | |
| P-value | Paired t-test = 0.0001 | Paired t-test = 0.18 | ||||
| General health perceptions | Pretest | 35.16 | 7.59 | 33.83 | 5.20 | 0.43 |
| Post-test | 46.66 | 7.46 | 32.33 | 4.09 | 0.0001 | |
| P-value | Paired t-test = 0.0001 | Paired t-test = 0.34 | ||||
| Total Quality of Life Score | Pretest | 85.66 | 5.44 | 86.86 | 3.36 | 0.31 |
| Post-test | 96.46 | 4.44 | 85.76 | 4.04 | 0.0001 | |
| P-value | Paired t-test = 0.0001 | Paired t-test = 0.23 | ||||