Table 1
Birth parameters of the examined group
| Variable | Group | p* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (N = 10) | 2 (N = 12) | 3 (N = 21) | ||
| Weight [g], mean (SD) | 1919 (481.33) | 2004.17 (256.67) | 1669.38 (279.38) | 0.017 |
| Body length [cm], mean (SD) | 45.9 (3.57) | 47.25 (3.55) | 43.38 (3.47) | 0.011 |
| Head circumference [cm], mean (SD) | 30.5 (2.32) | 31.08 (1.73) | 30.14 (1.68) | 0.384 |
| Chest circumference [cm], mean (SD) | 27 (2.36) | 27.08 (1.73) | 26.14 (2.15) | 0.376 |
| Apgar scale 1’, median (Q1–Q3) | 8 (6.5-9.75) | 7.5 (7-10) | 7 (6-8) | 0.374 |
| Apgar scale 5’, median (Q1–Q3) | 8.5 (8-9.75) | 9 (7-10) | 8 (7-8) | 0.052 |
[i] SD, standard deviation.
Q1, Q3 – lower and upper quartile.
*p value based on ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis test depending on normality of distribution.
Apgar scale parameters are presented by quartiles due to skewness of distribution; comparison between groups was performed using the Kruskal Wallis test.
Table 2
Characteristics of the study group
| Variable n (%) | Category | Group 1 (N=10) | Group 2 (N=12) | Group 3 (N=21) | p# |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sex | girl boy | 4 (40) 6 (60) | 4 (33.33) 8 (66.67) | 10 (47.62) 11 (52.38) | 0.719 |
| place of residence | village city up to 100 city with over 100 | 4 (40) 2 (20) 4 (40) | 4 (33.33) 4 (33.33) 4 (33.33) | 9 (42.86) 6 (28.57) 6 (28.57) | 0.938 |
| mother’s education | basic medium higher | 2 (20) 3 (30) 5 (50) | 0 (0) 2 (16.67) 10 (83.33) | 0 (0) 9 (42.86) 12 (57.14) | 0.052 |
| father’s education | basic medium higher | 2 (20) 4 (40) 4 (40) | 0 (0) 4 (33.33) 8 (66.67) | 0 (0) 6 (28.57) 15 (71.,43) | 0.092 |
| economic situation | weak sufficient very good | 1 (10) 8 (80) 1 (10) | 0 (0) 6 (50) 6 (50) | 3 (14.29) 9 (42.86) 9 (42.86) | 0.187 |
| family status | single parent full family | 0 (0) 10 (100) | 2 (16.67) 10 (83.33) | 0 (0) 21 (100) | 0.067 |
| number of siblings | 0 1 2 3 | 5 (50) 2 (20) 3 (30) 0 (0) | 0 (0) 10 (83.33) 0 (0) 2 (16.67) | 0 (0) 0 (0) 15 (71.43) 6 (28.57) | 0.000 |
Table 3
The results of the Munich Functional Developmental Diagnostics for singletons, twins and triplets
| Sphere of development | pregnancy | n | q2 (q1-q3) 50%# | p* | q2 (q1-q3) 95%## | p* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking age | singleton | 10 | 1.08 (0.99-1.13) | 0.24 | 0.83 (0.81-0.92) | 0.28 |
| twin | 12 | 1.05 (1.01-1.08) | 0.85 (0.83-0.88) | |||
| triplet | 21 | 1.01 (0.96-1.08) | 0.81 (0.77-0.84) | |||
| Manual skillfulness age | singleton | 10 | 1.02 (0.94-1.13) | 0.67 | 0.76 (0.7-0.85) | 0.54 |
| twin | 12 | 1 (0.94-1.04) | 0.76 (0.72-0.76) | |||
| triplet | 21 | 1.01 (0.93-1.04) | 0.75 (0.69-0.76) | |||
| Perception age | singleton | 10 | 1.11 (1.07-1.15) | 0.26 | 0.89 (0.84-0.92) | 0.14 |
| twin | 12 | 1.1 (1.08-1.12) | 0.87 (0.82- 0.91) | |||
| triplet | 21 | 1.04 (1-1.13) | 0.81 (0.79-0.91) | |||
| Active speech age | singleton | 10 | 1.23 (1.16-1.31) | 0.78 | 0.88 (0.83-0.97) | 0.69 |
| twin | 12 | 1.15 (1.09-1.24) | 0.81 (0.79-0.91) | |||
| triplet | 21 | 1.18 (1.08-1.3) | 0.84 (0.81-0.89) | |||
| Speech understanding age | singleton | 10 | 1.1 (1.04-1.14) | 0.62 | 0.86 (0.82-0.88) | 0.91 |
| twin | 12 | 1.13 (1.05-1.19) | 0.84 (0.81-0.88) | |||
| triplet | 21 | 1.12 (1.08-1.3) | 0.86 (0.81-0.98) | |||
| Social development age | singleton | 10 | 1.15 (1.03-1.28) | 0.82 | 0.81 (0.76-1) | 0.81 |
| twin | 12 | 1.11 (1.08-1.26) | 0.88 (0.8-0.98) | |||
| triplet | 21 | 1.13 (1.1-1.3) | 0.96 (0.81-0.96) | |||
| Independence age | singleton | 10 | 1.13 (1.07-1.18) | 0.29 | 0.79 (0.76-0.83) | 0.63 |
| twin | 12 | 1.11 (1-1.13) | 0.79 (0.73-0.85) | |||
| triplet | 21 | 1.08 (1.04-1.12) | 0.77 (0.76-0.81) |
[i] * critical value of Kruskal Wallis ANOVA rank test
# scores obtained by dividing the number expressing child’s biological age by the number defining the standard age at which 50% of children population acquire a particular skill
## scores obtained by dividing the number expressing child’s biological age by the number defining the standard age at which 95% of children population acquire a particular skill