Fig. 1
![The AR gene and its key protein transcripts. The AR is located on the X chromosome (locus: Xq11-Xq12) and includes 8 exons encoding 4 distinct domains: N-terminal domain (NTD), DNA-binding domain (DBD), hinge region, and ligand-binding domain (LBD). The above simplified scheme distinguishes: exons 1 to 8 of full-length AR (AR-FL), cryptic exons (i.e., CE1-4) of AR splice variants (AR-Vs) and AR45, and exon 9 of ArV567es. U - unique sequences not found in AR-FL. Adapted from [12].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/64721c5b215d2f6c89dbc57b/j_devperiodmed.20172101.0712_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKL33A6BUB%2F20251212%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251212T145324Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEDsaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIFdA6vGFBlk5nltuG56BTAaoKZMEP%2BbnAJPe33ikb54cAiEA5rgdtY3rCYV6RfOsjKlLCOp%2BZzD04qBdAn3g4s6YALUqvQUIBBACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDOj%2BXjBHiaHd3dIMxCqaBdIY8b%2FaRxu4DJcXCkZdN4ZOPDSTbE3jGUOlaJvKQcj8YlKPYJ0GQBqTluSpAo5MhHlfuoBed0fdMcXCfvRAB1cjO6RnzbNdfZCXekM7HC7XmRFb3RLfG5kjII6%2BRiZXpbmrR4MYaHClHwiiSTbr9LtC6F4bs6UQsJCXNsGbFJAQw1%2FiFIqIvqv7uqJkuS21C5s5rE5ttDJDLQgZPXIlflCSxPOz0HqYu8b%2BGi%2BruKODjD9%2BKoaIK3cvypW9IpR03TtwE1s%2Ft2xDv%2Bip%2Bc%2BBHEbDw0w37q2lxsPSNNXtHccqIDjz1ixyKDOOVO50xqvEU67hIBSZMQyK1tn7lyjove8ZjDskEbvCkaUDmOT3qtht4gY8jKQMMB1ezD0OYDpqBkOVB%2Fb9Fb3Z73SjHWrFQnC2bBzP8WJZaAemBSph30%2F6gMVPnu7L7693AQUIL1rvMvyrHq%2BrSoxyHOI%2BwHBrAxBFGDl6AKi3a0A1tsvr6GKpLQzQxOGZVN731twtvN%2Ffwc9SUp1lJCL%2BNaSsSttO8xxVdHhVDWJHMsbKJXxeXbjJDkshdWOjTHO6OHvUgNTeA3%2FbVleDS4WXOu5u6Qzy3s6iWRzMguuxcn%2FWNDdkLZWjGRtGVh%2BjOd72hS4zyPnrN7cOww%2BMLJgS%2BLePnMzco0%2FglzzFgEjYNtkitSJb4Cd2%2Blq3Y1GgIMvOUtDeLl9eqbHbRJIz2ouIQ91MvQpr0N%2FsxyX0SGsPoKDt541wurDuTC9JsmSD%2BzMWyxn3bYFQ1OuF8jImHHVsxmGi6MGEeQiXI6eFzLdlq8U7ZR%2BG39Wg4OLMVJB8%2BMpusUkq1wNV%2BIhbNenN4GlQeU8FZ23l3LwQdj9W5XCMEnsnVFCcu3GzXLiLoePv2LzTCDC84%2B%2FJBjqxATTSFQ5kMAdQkmp1qEWjvLPGL2sYmw9ZgRDjiDGgpeeCPWMdDRtTcZwQ0MwGx7Awem7%2Fok7VAqr%2F8ycpZZm8CQMb9%2BqztGbsHcqBpIYTUL0794aKkVmpdBLbSxHjNet%2B%2FdVdfFvGeohddQqZwlmKWfjN1B2dFSC19fqjbP1RL6xqDFVVqQCS9P7q2VFZpl0J0%2B%2FdRc2vVlKYslyDGsgSCBC4YB11DrEnYxeYoxIKVqBA1w%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=625bef4352f72c8daf912005aee1ea62dfe4fd1ae15d799a726ad325bb032d9a&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
The localization of ARs found in various tissues in women, and characterization of known AR-Vs [15,24-27]_ NTD - N-terminal domain; DBD - DNA-binding domain; HR - hinge region; LBD - ligand-binding domain; CE - cryptic exon; ZF - zinc finger; U - unique N-terminal extension_
| Name | Aliases | Splice junction in AR-Vs and other structural changes in AR45 | Domains excluded | Confirmed tissue localization in women | Activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AR-FL | AR wild-type | Reference structure | None | Ovary, uterus, endometrium, cervix, placenta, vagina, vulva, breast, cervix, placenta, vagina, skin | Ligand-stimulated |
| AR45 | AR transcript variant 2 | NTD replaced by U which is linked to the DBD, HR, and LBD of the AR | NTD | ovary, cervix, breast, placenta | Conditional |
| AR-V1 | AR4 | 3/CE | HR to LBD | ovary, cervix, breast, placenta | Conditional |
| AR-V2 | AR1/2/2B | 3/3/CE1 | HR to LBD | Constitutive | |
| AR-V3 | - | 2/CE4 | ZF2 to LBD | ovary, cervix, breast, placenta | Constitutive |
| AR-V4 | AR5, AR1/2/3/2B | 3/CE4 | HR to LBD | Constitutive | |
| AR-V5 | - | 3/CE2 | HR to LBD | Constitutive | |
| AR-V6 | - | 3/CE2 | HR to LBD | Constitutive | |
| AR-V7 | AR3 | 3/CE3 | HR to LBD | ovary, cervix, breast, placenta | Constitutive |
| AR-V8 | - | 3/intron 3 | HR to LBD | Constitutive | |
| AR-V9 | - | 3/CE5 | HR to LBD | ovary, cervix, breast, placenta | Conditional |
| AR-V10 | - | 3/intron 3 | HR to LBD | Constitutive | |
| AR-V11 | - | 3/intron 3 | HR to LBD | Unknown | |
| AR-V12 | ARV567es | 4/8/9 | LBD (disrupted) | Constitutive | |
| AR-V13 | - | 6/9 | LBD (disrupted) | Inactive | |
| AR-V14 | - | 7/9 | Unknown | ||
| AR-V15 | - | 6/9 | LBD (disrupted) | Unknown | |
| AR-V16 | - | 8/9 | Unknown | ||
| AR-V17 | - | 8/9 | Unknown | ||
| AR-V18 | - | 6/9 | Unknown |