Fig. 1
Different resolution. Top panel: original (high) resolution, bottom panel: coarse resolution (running mean, leading to a resolution of Δx~100 km).
Table 1. Definition of pressure levels for vertical distribution of ISSRs and distances between them
p (hPa)340–290290–270270–250250–230230–210210–190
Fig. 2
Pdfs of pathlengths of ISSRs as obtained from data with different resolution (blue: original resolution, red: coarse resolution). (a) Linear binning; (b) logarithmic binning.
Fig. 3
Weibull plot of pathlengths of ISSRs as obtained from data with different resolution and additional fits. (a) Original resolution; (b) coarse resolution.
Fig. 4
Pdfs of pathlengths of ISSRs for different regions (blue: extratropics, red: tropics).
Fig. 5
Cumulative distributions of pathlengths of ISSRs for different seasons as obtained for extratropical data in coarse resolution.
Fig. 6
Median values of pathlengths for different regions, seasons and resolutions. The values can be found in Table 2.
Table 2. Numbers, mean values, standard deviations and median values of pathlengths for different regions and seasons
Total data
TotalCoarse16 767235270142MAMCoarse3455219258131JJACoarse5725214233137SONCoarse4575258297154DJFCoarse3012256300150Extratropical data
TotalCoarse12 503247282149MAMCoarse2381229263137JJACoarse4742218240138SONCoarse3580277317164DJFCoarse1800284324165Tropical data
TotalCoarse4264199226124MAMCoarse1074199246116JJACoarse983192194131SONCoarse995188197117DJFCoarse1212215253133
Fig. 7
Cumulative distributions of pathlengths of ISSRs for different dynamic regimes, i.e. total data separated into troposphere/in between/stratosphere.
Fig. 8
Seasonal cycle of number of ISSRs as obtained for different dynamic regimes.
Table 3. Numbers, mean values, standard deviations and median values of pathlengths for different atmospheric levels (troposphere/in between/stratosphere)
Troposphere
TotalCoarse11 209235267143MAMCoarse2283216253130JJACoarse2548202211134SONCoarse3791254286154DJFCoarse2587257297151In between
TotalCoarse4965236273143MAMCoarse1015229262138JJACoarse2866226249142SONCoarse741283352157DJFCoarse343242291137Stratosphere
TotalCoarse593213287124MAMCoarse157201303120JJACoarse311200239123SONCoarse43184215131DJFCoarse82302411155
Table 4. Numbers, mean values, standard deviations and median values of pathlengths for different vertical pressure levels in both resolutions
1 (340–290)Original149281107442 (290–270)Original372897145483 (270–250)Original11 448109164544 (250–230)Original11 591114186525 (230–210)Original9788129212556 (210–190)Original2521112177521 (340–290)Coarse5471641741152 (290–270)Coarse14761992181273 (270–250)Coarse46762252481414 (250–230)Coarse47782412841435 (230–210)Coarse41632643021556 (210–190)Coarse1039230258139
Fig. 9
Median values of pathlengths in different dynamic regions, total and seasonal. The values can be found in Table 3.
Fig. 10
Pdfs of distances between ISSRs as obtained from data with different resolution (blue: original resolution, red: coarse resolution). (a) Linear binning; (b) logarithmic binning.
Table 5. Numbers, mean values, standard deviations and median values of distances between ISSRs for different regions and seasons
Total data
TotalCoarse7741514753217MAMCoarse1527504754218JJACoarse2750525754218SONCoarse2128514772217DJFCoarse1336503715215Extratropical data
TotalCoarse5427506742211MAMCoarse957474723200JJACoarse2223536763218SONCoarse1580495741212DJFCoarse667478692199Tropical data
TotalCoarse2314534777234MAMCoarse570554801251JJACoarse527479712218SONCoarse548572854240DJFCoarse669528736229
Fig. 11
Pdfs of distances between ISSRs for different dynamic regimes, i.e. total data separated into troposphere/in between/stratosphere.
Table 6. Numbers, mean values, standard deviations and median values of distances between ISSRs for different atmospheric levels (troposphere/in between/stratosphere)
Troposphere
TotalCoarse4758407623179MAMCoarse965419616182JJACoarse1091367601164SONCoarse1578406635177DJFCoarse1124435631194In between
TotalCoarse2125462691224MAMCoarse411468756227JJACoarse1168400612193SONCoarse400571746326DJFCoarse146647852293Stratosphere
TotalCoarse858124010851014MAMCoarse15111501139794JJACoarse4911173990952SONCoarse150150412731256DJFCoarse66134410691147
Fig. 12
Pathlengths of relative humidity as obtained from the original data for different thresholds RHi t =95/90/80/70 %. (a) Linear binning of the data; (b) logarithmic binning.
Table 7. Numbers, mean values and standard deviations for pathlengths of RHi until the threshold RHi t is reached. Here, all data in original resolution are used without separation into horizontal or vertical regions
Total9560 63114169MAM9512 96315189JJA9521 70212148SON9515 59814179DJF9510 36815189Total9050 189293517MAM9010 645313818JJA9018 050263116SON9012 985293517DJF908509313918Total8038 409638037MAM808153688739JJA8013 909577034SON809882647838DJF806465709040Total7031 40410412662MAM70675611213965JJA7011 3649311355SON70802710612465DJF70525711513869
Table 8. Numbers, mean values and standard deviations for pathlengths of RHi until the threshold RHi t is reached. All data in original resolution here are used with separation into different pressure levels
1 (340–290)95229291162 (290–270)955637111373 (270–250)9517 354131584 (250–230)9516 966141795 (230–210)9514 2201618106 (210–190)9536591618101 (340–290)9019331924122 (290–270)9047392126133 (270–250)9014 3722630164 (250–230)9014 0323037185 (230–210)9011 6643341206 (210–190)9030573640211 (340–290)8014873745222 (290–270)8036654555273 (270–250)8010 9375667344 (250–230)8010 6766884405 (230–210)8089807593446 (210–190)8024048294491 (340–290)7012565975342 (290–270)7029807288433 (270–250)70891892105574 (250–230)708720111132675 (230–210)707363124149736 (210–190)70196313314984
Fig. 13
Example of relative humidity along a simulated flight track. Shown are high-resolution data (red), running mean (blue) and coarse resolution as obtained from running mean data (green) in the interval 50 ≤ x≤300 km.
Fig. 14
Variations of different variables (RHi, w, q and T) relevant for the small structure of ISSRs.
Fig. 15
Vertical temperature profile and adiabatic ascents for the lowest and highest levels occurring in the simulation.
Table 9. Range of variables for start conditions (vertical velocity w and start level z start ) and obtained at flight level z=10000 m (temperature T, relative humidity RHi and specific humidity q) during the simulation
2.60 ≤ w≤7.678896.5 ≤ z start ≤9624.4206.126 ≤ T≤206.50968.6 ≤ RHi≤157.56.38 ≤ q≤13.88
Fig. 16
Correlation between specific humidity and relative humidity for the high-resolution simulation data.
Fig. 17
Pdf of pathlengths of ISSRs as obtained from the high-resolution simulation data (red), running means on coarse binning (blue) and coarse resolution (green).
Fig. 18
Pdfs of RHi as obtained from the high-resolution simulation data (red), running means on coarse binning (blue) and coarse resolution (green).
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Table 10. Numbers, mean values, standard deviations and median values of pathlengths for different regions and seasons, original resolution
Total data
TotalOriginal40 95111318052MAMOriginal889110316748JJAOriginal14 23210215350SONOriginal10 54312820757DJFOriginal728512320054Extratropical data
TotalOriginal29 70212219455MAMOriginal592711117751JJAOriginal11 49110616052SONOriginal795214222564DJFOriginal433214223060Tropical data
TotalOriginal11 2498813444MAMOriginal29648714144JJAOriginal27418412043SONOriginal25918712843DJFOriginal29539514246
Table 11. Numbers, mean values, standard deviations and median values of pathlengths for different atmospheric levels (troposphere/in between/stratosphere), original resolution
Troposphere
TotalOriginal27 98811117751MAMOriginal599410016047JJAOriginal67929313646SONOriginal883112619857DJFOriginal637112119453In between
TotalOriginal11 51411718855MAMOriginal248611117652JJAOriginal669511116854SONOriginal159314525262DJFOriginal74013623257Stratosphere
TotalOriginal144910218646MAMOriginal4119620046JJAOriginal7459916047SONOriginal1198314639DJFOriginal17414425948
Table 12. Numbers, mean values, standard deviations and median values of distances between ISSRs for different regions and seasons, original data
Total data
TotalOriginal28 57125354366MAMOriginal614525254065JJAOriginal10 12526155169SONOriginal727225755567DJFOriginal502923451161Extratropical data
TotalOriginal19 93225455066MAMOriginal388524754365JJAOriginal801526956370SONOriginal527425255167DJFOriginal275822851657Tropical data
TotalOriginal863925152666MAMOriginal226026153664JJAOriginal211023450165SONOriginal199827056269DJFOriginal227124150468
Table 13. Numbers, mean values, standard deviations and median values of distances between ISSRs for different atmospheric levels (troposphere/in between/stratosphere), original data
Troposphere
TotalOriginal18 90618741458MAMOriginal410219341058JJAOriginal459417541655SONOriginal584019442659DJFOriginal437018440157In between
TotalOriginal750323949571MAMOriginal160123948872JJAOriginal432520544865SONOriginal1131332601101DJFOriginal44633959979Stratosphere
TotalOriginal21628851050433MAMOriginal4428451120319JJAOriginal1206796916406SONOriginal30111981251877DJFOriginal21310321183475