Fig. 1
Position of Ny-Ålesund, Sodankylä and NP-35 in March/April 2008.
Table 1. Number and wavelength range of the interference filters in the sun photometer types SP2H, SP1A and PFR
Channels14174Wavelengths360–1050 nm350–1090 nm368–862 nm
Fig. 2
Cluster allocation of ensemble trajectories at all heights (850, 700 and 500 hPa) for Ny-Ålesund 1995–2008.
Fig. 3
(a) Mean values and standard deviation of τ 500nm and α and (b) number of hourly mean AOD in different trajectory groups from Ny-Ålesund 1995–2008. Seasonal separation: spring – red; summer – green; autumn – blue.
Spring (red)-March, April, MaySummer (green)-June, July, AugustAutumn (blue)-September, October, November,February.
Fig. 4
Cluster allocation of ensemble trajectories at all heights (850, 700 and 500 hPa) for Sodankylä 2004–2007.
Fig. 5
(a) Mean values and standard deviation of τ 500nm and α and (b) number of hourly mean AOD in different trajectory groups from Sodankylä 2004–2007. Seasonal separation: spring – red; summer – green; autumn – blue.
Fig. 6
(a) Clustering of the ensemble trajectories at all heights (850, 700, 500 hPa) from NP-35 between 14 March and 7 April, 2008, and (b) hourly mean of τ 500nm and α in the different trajectory groups and the group mean of τ 500nm and α.
Fig. 7
Monthly means of τ 500nm and α in Ny-Ålesund.
Fig. 8
Monthly means of τ 500nm and α in Sodankylä.
Fig. 9
Correlation between NAO-Index and monthly mean AOD in March (blue) and April (red) for Ny-Ålesund 1995–2008. Drawn are the monthly mean standard deviation and the linear regression of a) τ 500nm and b) α. The parameters of the regression, including the correlation coefficient and their confidence range, are shown in the legend.
Fig. 10
First five EOF of mean sea-level pressure of three periods: left – December, January and February (1995–2008); middle – March (1995–2008); right – April (1995–2008) and their variance in %. The white star marks the position of Ny-Ålesund, respectively Spitsbergen.
Table 2. Correlation coefficients and confidence range for the correlation between the principle components (PC) of the first five EOF MSLP DJF and the monthly mean τ 500nm of March and April in Ny-Ålesund (1995–2008)
Month1. EOF2. EOF3. EOF4. EOF5. EOF
March−0.08±0.56−0.16±0.55−0.12±0.56−0.27±0.53−0.14±0.55April−0.08±0.59−0.19±0.57−0.05±0.59−0.04±0.590.15±0.58
Table 3. Correlation coefficients and confidence range for the correlation between the principle components (PC) of the first five EOF MSLP March and April and the daily mean τ 500nm of March and April in Ny-Ålesund (1995–2008)
RR
1.EOF2.EOF3.EOF4.EOF5.EOF1.EOF2.EOF3.EOF4.EOF5.EOF
00.41±0.220.36±0.290.05±0.260.02±0.26−0.11±0.26−0.03±0.200.0±0.200.17±0.190.17±0.19−0.02±0.2010.37±0.220.32±0.230.03±0.260.08±0.26−0.10±0.26−0.03±0.200.02±0.200.19±0.190.15±0.190.02±0.2020.27±0.240.30±0.23−0.05±0.260.06±0.26−0.10±0.25−0.03±0.200.03±0.200.19±0.190.15±0.190.05±0.2030.19±0.250.32±0.23−0.16±0.25−0.03±0.25−0.05±0.25−0.05±0.200.07±0.200.19±0.190.14±0.190.04±0.2040.13±0.240.34±0.22−0.24±0.23−0.13±0.240.04±0.25−0.10±0.190.14±0.190.16±0.190.09±0.200.01±0.2050.11±0.240.32±0.22−0.23±0.23−0.20±0.240.13±0.24−0.10±0.200.20±0.190.16±0.19−0.04±0.20−0.05±0.260.12±0.240.29±0.22−0.16±0.23−0.18±0.230.20±0.23−0.04±0.200.25±0.180.11±0.19−0.16±0.19−0.08±0.270.11±0.230.25±0.22−0.10±0.23−0.08±0.230.25±0.22−0.01±0.200.26±0.180.02±0.20−0.23±0.19−0.09±0.280.10±0.230.17±0.22−0.06±0.230.02±0.230.22±0.220.07±0.200.19±0.19−0.02±0.20−0.23±0.19−0.10±0.290.11±0.220.12±0.22−0.04±0.220.07±0.220.11±0.220.15±0.190.15±0.19−0.06±0.20−0.19±0.19−0.11±0.1100.12±0.220.10±0.22−0.02±0.220.09±0.220.05±0.220.17±0.190.18±0.19−0.11±0.19−0.15±0.19−0.05±0.2
Table 4. Correlation coefficients and confidence range between the measured τ 500nm/α in Ny-Ålesund, which were assigned a trajectory cluster, and the measured concentration of different atmospheric chemical components at Zeppelin
(s)0.506±0.1440.124±0.1911031995–2008(s)0.070±0.1930.160±0.189103(s)0.185±0.1860.148±0.188105Na+(s)0.028±0.192−0.055±0.192105Mg2+(s)−0.014±0.192−0.238±0.181105Ca2+(s)−0.020±0.192−0.075±0.191105K+(s)−0.051±0.192−0.019±0.192105Cl− (s)0.123±0.191−0.272±0.180103SO2 (g)0.052±0.192−0.024±0.192105NH3 (g)−0.259±0.1790.202±0.184105
Table 5. Correlation coefficients and confidence range between the measured τ 500nm in Ny-Ålesund, which were assigned to a unique trajectory cluster, and the measured concentration of different atmospheric chemical components at Zeppelin
Matter12345678
(s)0.174±0.4360.765±0.2180.761±0.2910.180±1.0950.421±0.5700.379±0.4070.573±0.3290.460±0.631(s)0.040±0.4490.567±0.3550.013±0.693−0.154±1.105−0.345±0.6110.161±0.463−0.005±0.4900.049±0.798(s)0.049±0.4490.743±0.2350.311±0.6260.382±0.8370.237±0.654−0.008±0.4750.694±0.2540.601±0.511Na+(s)−0.076±0.4470.035±0.5230.104±0.6860.016±0.980−0.367±0.600−0.373±0.4090.264±0.456−0.227±0.759Mg2+(s)−0.187±0.434−0.088±0.5200.134±0.681−0.165±0.953−0.167±0.674−0.213±0.4540.422±0.4030.050±0.798Ca2+(s)−0.139±0.4410.096±0.519−0.047±0.691−0.263±0.9120.021±0.6930.053±0.4740.110±0.4840.014±0.800K+(s)0.045±0.449−0.179±0.5070.265±0.644−0.033±0.979−0.391±0.587−0.220±0.4520.073±0.487−0.726±0.378Cl−(s)−0.068±0.448−0.035±0.5230.020±0.6930.171±1.099−0.194±0.6670.060±0.4740.300±0.4460.033±0.799SO2 (g)0.201±0.432−0.149±0.5120.002±0.6930.116±0.9670.066±0.690−0.103±0.470−0.166±0.4770.139±0.785NH3 (g)−0.049±0.449−0.224±0.498−0.197±0.666−0.054±0.977−0.471±0.539−0.462±0.374−0.492±0.372−0.285±0.735Number of daily means201595918177
Fig. 11
Scatter plot of all hourly mean τ 500nm and α measured in Ny-Ålesund 1995–2008 and assigned to a trajectory cluster.