Table 1. Characteristics of the sites studied
Biskopstorp
Nature reserve
SW Sweden56°47′N, 12°53′E300-year-old beech forest, silty loam brown earth2.53.956.5Tolarp
SW Sweden56°41′N, 13°00′EBirch, rich in herbs, loamy sand4.05.412.0Skällås
Tönnersjöheden forest research station
SW Sweden56°42′N, 13°07′ENorway spruce, fertilised with 30 kg P and 60 kg K ha−1 every 7th year sandy–silty till2.93.827.5 Sikström, 2005Mellby agricultural research fields, SW Sweden56°28′N, 12°59′EUnfertilised grassland loamy sand4.75.95.55Mellby agricultural research fields, plot I56°28′N, 12°59′ECrop rotation, no catch crop loamy sand4.96.35.95Liu et al., 2012Mellby agricultural research fields, plot J56°28′N, 12°59′ECrop rotation, catch crop till 2006 loamy sand4.96.36.31Liu et al., 2012Mellby agricultural research fields, plot G56°28′N, 12°59′ECrop rotation, no catch crop loamy sand4.86.05.74Liu et al., 2012Mellby agricultural research fields, plot H56°28′N, 12°59′ECrop rotation, catch crop loamy sand5.16.16.01Liu et al., 2012Annaberg
Saxony, Germany50°33′N, 12°58′ESpruce
Wind-exposed forest edge, silt2.73.550.6Remains of mining in spotsTannenberg
Saxony, Germany50°36′N, 12°56′ESpruce
Closed forest, silt3.14.127.8The forest has been limedGrillenburg
Saxony, Germany50°57′N, 13°30′ESpruce 10 m from forest edge, podsol-brown earths, loam2.73.364.2Nearby area described by Schwärzel et al., 2009Hainich National Park Thuringia, Germany51°04′N, 10°27′EClosed deciduous forest dominated by old beech clayey brown earth4.45.418.0 Knohl et al., 2003
Klaus and Stephan, 1998Sparneck, Fichtelgebirge, sampling at 2, 30 and 50 m from forest edge, Bavaria, Germany50°09′N, 11°51′ESpruce at a 5 m broad forest edge, closed forest clearcut, with spotted lingering surface water clay loam2.53.381.0 (edge)
66.0 (30 m)
75.5 (50 m)Nearby area described by Gerstberger, 2001
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Table 2. Release of 18O2 and 18O16O after dark incubation of H2 18O in different soils during autumn 2009
Biskopstorp24 Sept5n.d.n.d.20 Nov21n.d.n.d.Tolarp26 Sept40.552.0Mellby grassland28 Sept36.319Mellby plot J28 Sept31.33.627 Nov17+n.d.Mellby plot I28 Sept32.6927 Nov17+n.dAnnaberg11 Oct27n.d.n.d.Tannenberg11 Oct270.020.02Grillenburg12 Oct27n.d.n.dMellby plot H15 Oct273.18.5Mellby plot G15 Oct272.35.6Skällås11 Nov54.011.4
[ii] LOI (loss on ignition) refers to the fresh soil sample at the sampling occasion. Additional site information is given in Table 1.
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Table 3. Release of 18O2 and 18O16O, and simultaneous soil respiration estimated as decrease in 16O2 after dark incubation of H2 18O in different soils during the summer 2011
Hainich13 June411400.334.0Annaberg14 June4170n.d.n.d.Tannenberg14 June411000.070.4817 Sept185200.202.2Grillenburg15 June4197n.d.n.d.17 Sept185700.07n.d.Skällås26 June41189n.d.n.d.6 Sept28504n.d.n.d.Tolarp28 June414150.332.78 July283420.141.925 July145160.09+Mellby grassland4 Sept286263.42526 Sept148972.17.3Mellby H4 Sept28+1.511Biskopstorp9 Sept283690.07n.d.Mellby G10 Sept283331.91526 Sept143813.714Sparneck2 m19 Sept1865n.d.n.d.30 m19 Sept18+n.d.n.d.50 m19 Sept18+n.d.n.d.
[ii] LOI (loss on ignition) refers to the fresh soil sample at the sampling occasion. Additional site information is given in Table 1.
Fig. 1
Sum of masses 34 and 36 produced in soil organic material (LOI) versus soil inorganic material. The deviating value (upper red dot) is from the forest research site Skällås 2009 (two years after P–K fertilisation). Another two years later mass 34+36 was not detected at this site (lower red dot).