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Towards the improvements of simulating the chemical and optical properties of Chinese aerosols using an online coupled model – CUACE/Aero Cover

Towards the improvements of simulating the chemical and optical properties of Chinese aerosols using an online coupled model – CUACE/Aero

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology
Volume 64 (2012): Issue 1
By: ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,   and    
Open Access
|Jan 2012
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Table 1. CUACE components and algorithms

Gas phase chemistry RADM II [Stockwell et al., 1990] SOA formation Gas/particle partitioning (Schell et al., 2001) Aqueous-phase chemistry Gery et al. (1989) Aerosol physics CAM (Gong, 2003) Inorganic heterogeneous chemistry ISORROPIA (Nenes et al., 1998) Vertical diffusion K-theory eddy diffusivity from MRF scheme (Zhou et al., 2008) Advection MPDATA (Smolarkiewicz, 2006)

[i] SOA, second organic aerosols.

Fig. 1. 

The model domain, results domain and stations. The background is BC emission at the unit of kg gird−1 s−1.

Table 2. Name, type and observation elements for the five CAWNET/CARSNET Stations

Shangdianzi Regional background PM10, AOD Nanjiao Urban PM10, AOD Gucheng Rural PM10, AOD Huimin Rural PM10, AOD Zhengzhou Urban PM10, AOD

Table 3. Statistical metrics used for performance evaluation

Mean bias (MB); mean difference (MD) normalised mean bias (NMB); normalised mean difference (NMD) Mean error (ME); mean absolute difference (MAD) Normalised mean error (NME); normalised mean absolute difference (NMAD) Coefficient of determination (r2) r2=1− SSE/SST; ; ;

[i] Note: n is the total number of data pairs and i=1, 2, …, n, o is the measured concentration and m is the modelled concentration.

Table 4. Comparison between observations and simulations of meteorological fields

Meteorological field Quantity Ground 850 hPa 700 hPa 500 hPa Temperature r 0.61 0.77 0.93 0.89 MSE (K) 3.3 1.6 1.1 1.8 Humidity r 0.55 0.51 0.67 0.54 MSE (%) 13.2 14.0 21.3 21.2 Wind speed r 0.26 0.64 0.64 0.82 MSE (ms−1) 0.55 2.5 2.5 4.1 Wind direction r 0.54 0.92 0.90 0.90 MSE (°) 28 15 13 10

[i] Note: r is the correlation coefficient (significance level =0.0500), and at ground use pressure for the element of geo-potential height.

[ii] MSE, mean square error.

Fig. 2. 

Scatters of simulated and observed daily mean PM10 for all the five stations in CTL run. Results of CTL means from control run. CAWNET is from CAWNET observation.

Table 5. Simulated mean (model mean) and mean observed (observed mean) PM10 concentrations, and mean bias (MB), NMB (normalised mean bias), NME (normalised mean errors and correlation coefficient r for nighttime, daytime and full day (daily) of the five stations: Shangdianzi, Nanjiao, Gucheng, Huimin and Zhengzhou for CTL test

Stations Model mean Observed mean MB NMB (%) NME (%) rShangdianzi Daytime 37.9 56.4 −18.5 −32.8 46.0 0.61 Nighttime 64.4 61.5 2.8 4.6 71.5 0.15 Daily 51.1 59.3 −8.2 −13.7 56.7 0.40 Nanjiao Daytime 65.2 116.6 −51.4 −44.1 44.1 0.27 Nighttime 135.9 138.4 −2.5 −1.7 47.6 −0.08 Daily 100.5 127.7 −27.2 −21.3 37.4 −0.01 Gucheng Daytime 69.7 100.2 −30.4 −30.4 38.8 0.39 Nighttime 121.3 102.7 18.6 18.1 46.6 0.13 Daily 95.5 101.3 −5.8 −5.7 35.1 0.20 Huimin Daytime 50.4 93.3 −42.9 −46.0 53.3 0.54 Nighttime 81.0 96.9 −15.8 −16.2 54.3 0.33 Daily 65.8 95.5 −29.7 −31.1 43.5 0.52 Zhengzhou Daytime 58.7 96.0 −37.3 −38.9 44.0 −0.19 Nighttime 120.7 96.7 24.0 24.8 68.9 0.18 Daily 89.7 96.6 −6.9 −7.1 38.6 0.05

[i] Significance level=0.0500.

Fig. 3. 

Upper panel: time series of simulated and observed hourly PM10 in two-hour interval for typical rural site: Shangdianzi (left) and urban site: Nanjiao (right) in CTL. Results of CTL means from the control run. Observed is the observation. Bottom panel: time series of hourly PBL heights for Shangdianzi (left) and Nanjiao (right).

Table 6. Simulated mean (model mean) and mean observed (observed mean) concentrations, MB (mean bias), NMB (normalised mean bias), NME (normalised mean errors and correlation coefficient r for nighttime, daytime and full day (daily) of the five aerosol constituents: sulphate (SF), organic carbon (OC), ammonia (AM), nitrate (NT) and BC in control run (CTL)

Aerosol constituents Model mean Observed mean MB NMB (%) NME (%) rSF Daily 13.4 33.2 −19.8 −59.7 60.7 0.284 Daytime 11.3 32.1 −20.8 −64.9 64.9 0.57 Nighttime 15.5 34.3 −18.8 −54.8 59.8 −0.12 OC Daily 27.2 30.5 −3.3 −10.8 24.4 0.124 Daytime 17.0 29.3 −12.3 −42.0 42.5 0.33 Nighttime 37.3 31.3 6.0 19.0 34.5 0.31 NH4 − Daily 4.5 14.9 −10.4 −70.1 70.1 0.284 Daytime 3.1 13.8 −10.7 −77.6 77.6 0.68 Nighttime 5.8 16.0 −10.1 −63.4 63.9 −0.04 NO3 − Daily 0.6 15.9 −15.3 −96.0 96.0 0.09 Daytime 0.2 12.7 −12.5 −98.8 98.8 0.22 Nighttime 1.1 18.8 −17.7 −94.0 94.0 0.15 BC Daytime 7.8 4.4 3.4 80.1 80.1 0.47 Nighttime 17.5 6.7 10.8 161.0 165.3 0.42 Daily 12.7 5.5 7.1 129.0 129.2 0.34 SO2 Daytime 8.9 5.5 3.4 38.0 52.2 0.33 Nighttime 15.2 5.4 9.8 64.0 70.0 0.14 Daily 11.8 5.4 6.3 54.0 62.9 0.19

[i] Significance level=0.0500.

Fig. 4. 

(a) Typical weather charts at surface (left) and 500 hPa (right) (at 00UTC of July 26) in the hazy pollution episode. The subtropical high is marked by 588GPDM at 500 hPa and (b) the simulated mean wind (vector), temperature (shaded), humidity fields (contour) and observed wind speeds (scattered numbered) from July 22 to July 31.

Fig. 5. 

The time-height sectional wind field for Shangdianzi. (a) Before the haze episode (July 19–22); (b) during the haze episode July 22–25; (c) during the haze episode (July 25–28).

Fig. 6. 

Time series plot for simulated and observed hourly PM10 for Nanjiao(upper), Gucheng(middle panel) and Shangdianzi(bottom panel). Obs.(dotted) is the observed PM10, CTL(solid) is PM10 from the control run. ST1 (long dash) is PM10 from sensitive test one.

Fig. 7. 

The time-height sectional hourly wind speed (m s−1) (shaded) and observed (contoured) from surface to 500 hPa for Nanjiao: (a) for 00Z July 22 to 00Z July 25 and (b) for 00Z July 25 to 00Z July 28. Simulated mean surface wind (vectored), temperature (shaded) and observed wind speed (scattered numbered) (c) for 08ZZ July 24 to 00Z July 25 and (d) for July 25 to 00Z July 28.

Fig. 8. 

(a) normalised mean bias (NMB) amplified –1 (white) and normalise mean error (NME)(grey) for each stations during the hazy polluted episode; (b) mean simulated PM10 (black) and mean observed PM10 (light grey) during the hazy polluted episode (July 22 to July 28) and mean observed PM10 (dark grey) before the episode (July 13 to July 21) for each stations in control run (CTL).

Fig. 9. 

Correlation coefficients (significance level=0.0500) for Shangdianzi, Nanjiao, Gucheng, Huiming, Zhengzhou and total (including all data) for control run (CTL; brown columns) and ST1.

Table 7. Simulated daytime mean (model mean) and observed daytime mean (observed mean), and MB (mean bias), NMB (normalised mean bias), NME (normalised mean errors and correlation coefficient r between AOD of control run (CTL) and sensitive test two (ST2) with those of MODIS and CARSNET

Aerosol constituent Model mean Observed mean MB NMB (%) NME (%) rMODIS CTL 1.40 0.65 0.75 116 143 0.45 ST2 0.81 0.65 0.16 25 76 0.44 CARSNET CTL 2.71 1.54 1.17 78 111 0.23 ST2 1.37 1.54 −0.17 −11 62 0.31 PM10 CTL 56.3 92.2 −36.0 −39.0 45.0 0.52 ST2 55.2 92.2 −37.0 −37.1 46.1 0.49

[i] Significance level=0.0500.

Fig. 10. 

(a, b, c and d): scattered plots between CUACE AOD and CAERSNET AOD, CUACE AOD and MODIS AOD; (e and f): vertical bar plots for mean values of CUACE AOD, CARSNET AOD and MODIS AOD. Results of CTL means from the control run and results of ST2 means with the new size distribution.

Fig. 11. 

Scattered plots for daytime mean PM10 between the simulated and observed of all the CAWNET five stations, (a) for the control test (CTL) and (b) for the sensitive test two (ST2) with the new size distribution; (c) for the observed mass size distribution, prescribed mass size distribution and aerosol scattering capacity.

Fig. 12. 

The size and mass probability density function (PDF) distributions for BC and OC (a and b), fugitive dust (c and d), and sulphate and Nitrate (e and f). Observed mass are for the mean observed mass size distribution at the site of CMA during the test time.

Fig. 13. 

Total AOD and AOD of Sea-Salt, BC, OC, Dust and SF at 440 nm wavelength for control test (CTL) (white) and sensitive test 2(ST2) (black).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.18965 | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889
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Language: English
Page range: 18965 - 18965
Submitted on: Oct 18, 2011
Accepted on: May 31, 2012
Published on: Jan 1, 2012
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
CUACE/Aero,
on-line coupled model,
aerosol,
AOD

© 2012 Chun-Hong Zhou, Sunling Gong, Xiao-Ye Zhang, Hong-Li Liu, Min Xue, Guo-Liang Cao, Xing-Qin An, Hui-Zheng Che, Yang-Mei Zhang, Tao Niu, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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