Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Measurement of changes in atmospheric Ar/N2 ratio using a rapid-switching, single-capillary mass spectrometer system Cover

Measurement of changes in atmospheric Ar/N2 ratio using a rapid-switching, single-capillary mass spectrometer system

Open Access
|Jan 2004

References

  1. Baggeroer , A. B. , Birdsall , T. G. , Clark , C. , Colosi , J. A. , Cornuelle , B. D. et al. 1998 . Ocean climate change: comparison of acoustic tomography, satellite altimetry, and modeling . Science 281 ( 5381 ), 1327 1332 .
  2. Battle , M. , Bender , M. , Hendricks , M. B. , Ho , D. T. , Mika , R. et al. 2003 . Measurements and models of the atmospheric Ar/N2 ratio . Geophys. Res. Lett . 30 ( 15 ), 1786 , 10.1029/2003GL017411 .
  3. Bender , M. L. , Tans , P. P. , Ellis , J. T. , Orchardo , J. and Habfast , K . 1994 . A high-precision isotope ratio mass-spectrometry method for measuring the 02/N2 ratio of air . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58 ( 21 ), 4751 4758 .
  4. Cabanes , C. , Cazenave , A. and Le Provost , C . 2001 . Sea level rise dur-ing past 40 years determined from satellite and in situ observations . Science 294 ( 5543 ), 840 842 .
  5. Craig , H. , Weiss , R. F. and Clarke , W. B . 1967 . Dissolved gases in the Equatorial and South Pacific Ocean . J. Geophys. Res . 72 , 6165 6181 .
  6. Craig , H. and Wiens , R. C . 1996 . Gravitational enrichment of Kr-84/Ar-36 ratios in polar ice caps: a measure of firn thickness and accumulation temperature . Science 271 ( 5256 ), 1708 1710 .
  7. da Silva , A. M. , Young , C. and Levitus , S . 1994 . Atlas of Surface Ma-rine Data 1994 Volume I: Algorithms and Procedures, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 6 . US Government Printing Office, Washington , DC .
  8. Garcia , H. E. and Keeling , R. F . 2001 . On the global oxygen anomaly and air-sea flux . J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 106(NC12) , 31 155-31 166 .
  9. Gibson , J. K. , Milberg , P. , Uppala , S. , Hernandez , A. , Nomura , A. et al. 1997 . ERA Description . European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts , Reading .
  10. Gille , S. T . 2002 . Warming of the Southern Ocean since the 1950s . Science 295 ( 5558 ), 1275 1277 .
  11. Glueckauf , E . 1951. The composition of atmospheric air. In: Com-pendium of Meteorology (ed. T. Malone ). American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, pp. 3 10
  12. Grew , K. E. and Ibbs , T. L . 1952 . TheDiffusion in Gases . CambridgeUniversity Press , Cambridge .
  13. Hamme , R. C. and Emerson , S. R . 2002 . Mechanisms controlling the global oceanic distribution of the inert gases argon, nitrogen and neon . Geophys. Res. Lett . 29 ( 23 ), 2120 , 10.1029/2002GL015273 .
  14. Heimann , M . 1995 . The Global Atmospheric Tracer Model TM2 . Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum , Hamburg .
  15. Kahl , J. D. , Serreze , M. C. and Schnell , R. C . 1992 . Tropospheric low-level temperature inversions in the Canadian Arctic . Atmos. Ocean 30 ( 4 ), 511 529 .
  16. Keeling , R. F. , Manning , A. C. , McEvoy , E. M. and Shertz , S. R . 1998 . Methods for measuring changes in atmospheric 02 concentration and their application in southern hemisphere air . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos . 103 ( D3 ), 3381 3397 .
  17. Keeling , R. F. , Najjar , R. P. , Bender , M. L. and Tans , P. P . 1993 . What atmospheric oxygen measurements can tell us about the global carbon cycle . Global Biogeochem . 7 ( 1 ), 37 67 .
  18. Leuenberger , M. , Nyfeler , R , Moret , H. P. , Sturm , P. and Huber , C . 2000 . A new gas inlet system for an isotope ratio mass spectrometer improves reproducibility . Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom . 14 ( 16 ), 1543 1551 .
  19. Levitus , S. , Antonov , J. I. , Boyer , T. P. and Stephens , C . 2000 . Warming of the world ocean . Science 287 ( 5461 ), 2225 2229 .
  20. Levitus , S. , Antonov , J. I. , Wang , J. L. , Delworth , T. L. , Dixon , K. W. et al. 2001 . Anthropogenic warming of Earth's climate system . Science 292 ( 5515 ), 267 270 .
  21. Manning , A. C . 2001 . Temporal variability of atmospheric oxygen from both continuous measurements and a flask sampling network: tools for studying the global carbon cycle . PhD Thesis , University of California , San Diego .
  22. Munk , W. and Wunsch , C . 1979 . Ocean acoustic tomography—scheme for large-scale monitoring . Deep-Sea Res. A—Oceanogr. Res. Papers 26 ( 2 ), 123 161 .
  23. Neff , W. D . 1999 . Decadal time scale trends and variability in the tro-pospheric circulation over the South Pole . J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 104(D22) , 27 217-27 251 .
  24. Ozima , M. and Podosek , F. A . 1983 . Noble Gas Geochemistry . Cam-bridge University Press , Cambridge .
  25. Peixoto , J. P. and Oort , A. H . 1992 . Physics of Climate . American Institute of Physics , New York .
  26. Reid , R. C. , Prausnitz , J. M. and Poling , B. E . 1987 . The Properties of Gases and Liquids , 4th Edition . McGraw-Hill , New York .
  27. Samuels , B. L. and Cox , M . 1987 . Date set atlas for oceanographic modeling . Ocean Modeling 75 , 1 3 .
  28. Schudlich , R. and Emerson , S . 1996 . Gas supersaturation in the surface ocean: the roles of heat flux, gas exchange, and bubbles. Deep-Sea Res. 11—Topical Stud . Oceanogr 43 ( 2-3 ), 569 589 .
  29. Severinghaus , J. P. , Grachev , A. and Battle , M . 2001. Thermal fraction-ation of air in polar firn by seasonal temperature gradients. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2, paper no 2000GC000146.
  30. Shea , D. J. , Trenberth , K. E. and Reynolds , R. W . 1992 . A global monthly sea surface temperature climatology . J. Climate 5 , 987 1001 .
  31. Spitzer , W. S. and Jenkins , W. J . 1989 . Rates of vertical mixing, gas exchange, and new production: estimates from seasonal gas cycles in the upper ocean near Bermuda . J. Marine Res . 47 , 169 196 .
  32. Stephens , B. B. , Keeling , R. E , Heimann , M. , Six , K. D. , Murnane , R. et al. 1998 . Testing global ocean carbon cycle models using measure-ments of atmospheric 02 and CO2 concentration . Global Biogeochem. Cycles 12 ( 2 ), 213 230 .
  33. Stute , M. , Forster , M. , Frischkorn , H. , Serejo , A. , Clark , J. F. et al. 1995 . Cooling of tropical Brazil (5 degrees C) during the last glacial maximum . Science 269 ( 5222 ), 379 383 .
  34. Tans , P. R , Conway , T. J. and Nalcazawa , T . 1989 . Latitudinal distribution of the source and sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide derived from surface observations and an atmospheric transport model . J. Geophys. Res . 94 , 5151 5173 .
  35. Trenberth , K. E . 1981 . Seasonal variations in global sea level pressure and the total mass of the atmosphere . J. Geophys. Res . 86 ( C6 ), 5238 5246 .
  36. Trengove , R. D. and Dunlop , P. J . 1982 . Diffusion coefficients and ther-mal diffusion factors for five binary systems of nitrogen and a noble gas . Physica 115A , 339 352 .
  37. Weiss , R. F . 1970 . Solubility of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon in water and seawater . Deep-Sea Res . 17 , 721 735 .
Language: English
Page range: 322 - 338
Submitted on: May 8, 2003
Accepted on: Apr 13, 2004
Published on: Jan 1, 2004
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2004 Ralph F. Keeling, Tegan Blaine, Bill Paplawsky, Laura Katz, Chris Atwood, Tim Brockwell, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.