On the CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and the biosphere: the role of synoptic and mesoscale processes
References
-
Bakwin
, P. S., Tans, P. P., Zhao, C., Ussler, W.and Quesnell, E. 1995. Measurements of carbon dioxide on a very tall tower. Tellus, 535– 549. -
Bakwin
, P. S., Tans, P. P., Hurst, D. Eand Zhao, C. 1998. Measurements of carbon dioxide on very tall towers: results of the NOAA/CMDL program. Tellus, 401– 415. -
Benoit
, R., Cote, J.and Mailhot, J. 1989. Inclusion of a TKE boundary layer parameterization in the Canadian regional finite-element model. Mon. Weather Re v. 117, 1726– 1750. -
Benoit
, R., Desgagne, M., Pellerin, P., Pellerin, S.and Chortler, Y. 1997. The Canadian MC2: a semi-Lagrangian, semi-implicit wideband atmospheric model suited for fine scale process studies and simulation. Mon. Weather Re v. 125, 2382– 2415. -
Chan
, D.and Cho, H. R., 1989. Meso-fl scale potential voracity anomalies and rainbands. Part I: adiabatic dynamics of the potential voracity anomalies. J. Atmos. Sc i. 46, 1713– 1723. -
Chen
, J. M., 1996a. Optically-based methods for measuring seasonal variation of leaf area index in boreal conifer stands. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 80, 135– 163. -
Chen
, J. M., 1996b. Canopy architecture and remote sensing of the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by boreal conifer forests. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 34, 1353– 1368. -
Chen
, J. M.and Cihlar, J., 1996. Retrieving leaf area index of boreal conifer forest using Landsat TM images. Remote Sens. Environ. 55, 153– 162. -
Cihlar
, J., Beaubien, J., Latifovic, R.and Simard, G. 1999.Land Cover of Canada 1995, Version 1.1. Digital data set documentation, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. ftp://ftp2.ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca/ftp/ ad/EMS/landcover95/. -
Cihlar
, J., Chen, J. M.and Li, Z. 1997. Seasonal AVHRR multichannel datasets and products for studies of surface-atmosphere interactions. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 29. -
Deardorff
, J. W., 1978. Efficient prediction of ground surface temperature and moisture with the inclusion of a layer of vegetation. J. Geophys. Res. 83, 1889– 1903. -
Denning
, A. S., Fung, I. Y.and Randall, A. D. 1995. Latitudinal gradient of atmospheric CO2 due to seasonal exchange with land biota. Nature, 240– 243. -
Denning
, A. S., Collatz, J. G., Zhang, C., Randall, D. A., Berry, J. A., et al, 1996a. Simulations of terrestrial carbon metabolism and atmospheric CO2 in a general circulation model. Part 1: Surface carbon fluxes. Tellus, 521– 542. -
Denning
, A. S., Randall, D. A., Collatz, G. J.and Sellers, P. J. 1996b. Simulations of terrestrial carbon metabolism and atmospheric CO2 in a general circulation model. Part 2: Spatial and temporal variations of atmospheric CO2. Tellus, 543– 567. -
Denning
, A. S., Takahashi, T.and Friedlingstein, P. 1999. Can a strong atmospheric CO2 rectifier effect be reconciled with a “reasonable” carbon budget?, 249– 253. -
Fouquart
, Y.and Bonnel, B., 1980. Computations of solar heating of the earth's atmosphere: anew parameterization. Contrib. Atmos. Phys. 53, 36– 62. -
Gal-Chen
, T.and Somerville, R., 1975. On the use of a coordinate transformation for the solution of the Navier—Stokes equations. J. Comput. Phys. 17, 209– 228. -
Garand
, L., 1983. Some improvements and complements to the infrared emissivity algorithm including a parameterization of the absorption in the continuum region./. Atmos. Sc i. 40, 230– 244. -
Gurney
, R. K., Law, R. M., Denning, A. S., Rayner, P. 7., Baker, D., et al, 2002.Towards robust regional estimates of CO 2sources and sinks using atmospheric transport models. Nature 415, 626– 630. -
Higuchi
, K., Worthy, D., Chan, D.and Shashkov, A. 2003. Regional source/sink impact on diurnal, seasonal and inter-annual variations in atmospheric CO2 at a boreal forest site in Canada. Tellus, 115– 125. -
Kuo
, H. L., 1974. Further studies of the parameterization of the influence of cumulus convection on large-scale flow. J. Atmos. Sc i. 46, 545– 564. -
Liu
, J., Chen, J. M., Cihlar, J.and Park, W. M. 1997. A process-based boreal ecosystem productivity simulator using remote sensing inputs. Remote Sens. Environ. 62, 158– 175. -
Liu
, J., Chen, 7.M., Cihlar, J. and Chen, W. 2002.Net primary productivity mapped for Canada at 1-km resolution, Global Ecol. Biogeog. 11, 115– 129. -
Mailhot
, J., 1994.The Regional Finite-element (RFE) Model Scientific Description. Part 2: Physics. (Available from RPN, 2121 Trans-Canada, Dorval, QC H9P 173, Canada.) -
Mailhot
, J., Chouinard, C., Benoit, R., Roch, M., Verner, G., Cote, J.and Pudykiewicz, J. 1989. Numerical forecasting of winter coastal storms during CASP: evaluation of the regional finite-element model. Atmos. Ocean, 27– 58. -
Running
, S. W.and Coughlan, J. C., 1988. A general model of the forest ecosystem processes for regional applications I: hydrological balance, canopy gas exchange and primary production processes. Ecol. Model. 42, 125– 154. -
Shields
, J. A., Tamocai, C., Valentine, K. W. G.and MacDonald, K. B. 1991. Soil Landscapes of Canada: Procedures Manual and User's Handbook. Agriculture Canada Publication 1868/E , Ottawa, Canada. -
Stull
, R. B., 1993. An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology . Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v56i3.16424 | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889
Language: English
Page range: 194 - 212
Submitted on: May 13, 2003
Accepted on: Jan 21, 2004
Published on: Jan 1, 2004
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 2004 Douglas Chan, Chiu Wai Yuen, Kaz Higuchi, Alexander Shashkov, Jane Liu, Jing Chen, Douglas Worthy, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.