Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
New early winter fCO2 data reveal continuous uptake of CO2 by the Weddell Sea Cover

New early winter fCO2 data reveal continuous uptake of CO2 by the Weddell Sea

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology
Volume 51 (1999): Issue 3
By: ,  ,   and    
Open Access
|Jan 1999
References

References

  1. Anderson , L. G. and Jones , E. P. 1991 . The transport of CO2 into the Arctic and Antarctic seas: Similarities and differences in the driving processes . J. Mar. Sys . 2 , 81 – 95 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  2. Anderson , L. G. , Holby , O. , Lindgren , R. and Ohlson , M. 1991 . The transport of anthropogenic carbon dioxide into the Weddell Sea . J. Geophys. Res . 96 ( C9 ), 16679 – 16687 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  3. Anonymous , 1985. Sea Ice Atlas (1). Antarctic NAVAIR 50-1C-540 . Naval Oceanography Command Detachment, Asheville , NC, USA .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  4. Bakker , D. C. E. , De Baar , H. J. W. and Bathmann , U. 1997 . Changes of carbon dioxide in surface waters during spring in the Southern Ocean . Deep-Sea Res II . 44 , 91 – 127 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  5. Carmack , E. C. and Foster , T. D. 1975 . On the flow of water out of the Weddell Sea . Deep-Sea Res . 22 , 711 – 724 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  6. Chen , C.-T. A. 1982 . Carbonate chemistry during WEPOLEX-81 . Antarctic Journal 17 , 102 – 103 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  7. Chen T.-W. 1997 . Formation and transport of deep and bottom waters in the western Weddell Sea: a numerical modelling study . PhD thesis. Columbia University , USA .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  8. Chisholm , S. W. and Morel , F. M. M. 1991 . What controls phytoplankton production in nutrientrich areas of the open sea. Limnol. Ocean . 36 , 1507 – 1970 with preface by the editors.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  9. Conway. T. J. , Tans , P. P. , and Waterman , L. S. 1994 . Atmospheric CO2 records from sites in the NOAA/ CMDL air sampling network. In: Trends '93: A compendium of data on global change (eds. T. A. Boden , D. P. Kaiser , R. J. Sepanski and F. W. Stoss ). ORNL/ DIAC 65 , 41 – 119 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  10. Deacon , G. E. R. 1979. The Weddell Gyre . Deep-Sea Res . 26 , 81 – 95 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  11. El-Sayed , S. 1984 . Productivity of Antarctic waters: a reappraisal. In: Marine phytoplankton and productivity (eds. O. Holm-Hansen , L. Bolis and R. Gilles ). Springer , Berlin , 19 – 34 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  12. Fahrbach , E. 1997 . The expedition ANTARKTIS XIII/ 4-5 of the Research Vessel “Polarstern” in 1996 . Ber. Polarforsch . 239 , pp. 134 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  13. Fahrbach , E. , Rohardt , G. , Schröder , M. and Strass , V. 1994 . Transport and structure of the Weddell Gyre . Ann. Geophysicae 12 , 840 – 855 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  14. Gordon , A. L. and Huber , B. A. 1990 . Southern Ocean winter mixed layer . J. Geophys. Res . 95 ( C ), 11655 – 11672 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  15. Goyet , C. and A. Poisson , 1989 . New determination of carbonic acid dissociation constants in seawater as a function of temperature and salinity . Deep-Sea Res . 36 , 1635 – 1654 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  16. Hoppema , M. , Fahrbach , E. , Schröder , M. , Wisotzki , A. and De Baar , H. J. W. 1995 . Winter-summer differences of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the Weddell Sea surface layer . Mar. Chem . 51 , 177 – 192 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  17. Hoppema , M. , Fahrbach , E. , Stoll , M. H. C. and De Baar , H. J. W. 1998a . Increase of carbon dioxide in the bottom water of the Weddell Sea, Antarctica . Mar. Chem . 59 , 201 – 210 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  18. Hoppema , M. , Fahrbach , E. , Stoll , M. H. C. and De Baar , H. J. W. 1998b . Annual uptake of atmospheric CO2 by the Weddell Sea derived from a surface layer balance, including estimations of entrainment and new production. J. Mar. Sys . 18 , in press .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  19. Keeling , R. F. and Shertz , S. R. 1993 . Seasonal and interannual variations in atmospheric oxygen and implications for the global carbon cycle . Nature 358 , 723 – 727 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  20. Lemke , P. 1994 . The expedition ANTARKTIS X/4 of Research Vessel “Polarstern” in 1992 . Ber. Polarforsch . 140 , pp. 90 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  21. Levitus , S. 1988 . Ekman volume fluxes for the world ocean and individual ocean basins . J. Phys. Oceanogr . 18 , 271 – 289 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  22. Louanchi , F. , Hoppema , M. , Bakker , D. C. E. , Poisson , A. , Stoll , M. H. C. , De Baar , H. J. W. , Schauer , B. , Ruiz-Pino , D. P. and Wolf-Gladrow , D. 1999 . Modelled and observed sea surface fcoz in the Southern Ocean: a comparative study. Tellus 51B , in press.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  23. Mantyla , A. W. and Reid , J.L. 1983. Abyssal characteristics of the World Ocean waters. Deep-Sea Res. 3e , 805 – 833 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  24. Metzl , N. , Beauverger , C. , Bruner , C. , Goyet , C. and Poisson , A. 1991 . Surface water carbon dioxide in the southwest Indian sector of the southern Ocean: a highly variable CO2 source/sink region in summer . Mar. Chem . 35 , 85 – 95 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  25. Millero , F. J. , Lee , K. and Roche , M. 1998 . Distribution of alkalinity in the surface waters of the major oceans . Mar. Chem . 60 , 111 – 130 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  26. Murphy , P. P. , Feely , R. A. , Gammon , R. H. , Harrison , D. E. , Kelly , K. C. and Waterman , L. S. 1991a . Assessment of the air-sea exchange of CO2 in the south Pacific during the Austral autumn . J. Geophys. Res . 96 , 20455 – 20465 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  27. Murphy , P. P. , Feely , R. A. , Gammon , R. H. , Kelly , K. C. and Waterman , L. S. 1991b . Autumn air-sea disequilibrium of CO2 in the South Pacific Ocean . Mar. Chem . 35 , 77 – 84 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  28. Murray , J. W. , Johnson , E. and Garside , C. 1995 . A U.S. JGOFS Process Study in the equatorial Pacific (EqPac): Introduction . Deep-Sea-Res. II 42 , 275 – 293 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  29. Orsi , A. H , Nowlin Jr., W. D. and Whitworth III, T. 1993. On the circulation and stratification of the Wed-dell Gyre. Deep-Sea Res . 40 , 169 – 203 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  30. Poisson , A. and Chen , C.-T. A. 1987 . Why is there little anthropogenic CO2 in the Antarctic Bottom Water? Deep-Sea Res . 34 , 1255 – 1275 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  31. Poisson , A. , Metzl , N. , Brunet , C. , Schauer , B. , Bres , B. , Ruiz-Pino , D. and Louanchi , F. 1994 . Variability of sources and sinks of CO2 in the Western Indian and Southern Oceans during the year 1991 . J. Geophys. Res . 98 , 22759 – 22778 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  32. Quay , P. D. , Tilbrook , B. and Wong , C. S. 1992 . Oceanic uptake of fossil fuel CO2: carbon-13 evidence . Science 256 , 74 – 79 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  33. Reid , J. L. and Lynn , R. J. 1971 . On the influence of the Norwegian-Greenland and Weddell seas upon the bottom waters of the Indian and Pacific oceans . Deep-Sea Res . 18 , 1063 – 1088 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  34. Robertson , J. E. , Watson , A. J. , Langdon , C. , Ling , R. D. and Wood , J. W. 1993 . Diurnal variation in surface pCO2 and 02 at 60°N, 20°W in the North Atlantic . Deep-Sea Res. II 40 , 409 – 422 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  35. Robertson , J. E. and Watson , A. J. 1995 . A summertime sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in the Southern Ocean between 88°W and 80°E . Deep-Sea Res. II 42 , 1081 – 1091 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  36. Roy , R. N. , Roy , L. N. , Vogel , K. M. , Porter-Moore , C. , Pearson , T. , Good , C. E. , Millero , F. J. and Campbell , D. M. 1993 . The dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater at salinities 5 to 45 and temperatures 0 to 45°C . Mar. Chem . 44 , 249 – 267 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  37. Sarmiento , J. L. , Orr , J. C. and Siegenthaler , U. 1992 . A perturbation simulation of CO2 uptake in an Ocean General Circulation Model . J. Geophys. Res . 97 ( C3 ), 3621 – 3645 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  38. Schlosser , P. , Roether , W. and Rohardt , G. 1987 . Helium-3 balance of the upper layers of the north-western Weddell Sea . Deep-Sea Res . 34 , 365 – 377 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  39. Siegenthaler , U. and Sarmiento , J. L. 1993 . Atmospheric carbon dioxide and the ocean . Nature 365 , 119 – 125 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  40. Stoll , M. H. C. , Rommets , J. W. and De Baar , H. J. W. 1993 . Effect of selected calculation routines and dissociation constants on the determination of total carbon dioxide in seawater . Deep-Sea Res . 40 , 1307 – 1322 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  41. Stoll , M. H. C. , Van Aken , H. M. , De Baar , H. J. W. and De Boer , C. J. 1996 . Meridional carbon dioxide transport in the northern North Atlantic . Mar. Chem . 55 , 205 – 216 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  42. Takahashi , T. , Olafsson , J. , Goddard , J. G. , Chipman , D. W. and Sutherland , S. C. 1993 . Seasonal variation of CO2 and nutrients in the high-latitude surface oceans: a comparative study . Global Biogeochem. Cycles 7 , 843 – 878 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  43. Tans , P. P. , Fung , I. Y. and Takahashi , T. 1990 . Observational constraints on the global atmospheric CO2 budget . Science 247 , 1431 – 1438 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  44. Volk , T. and Hoffert , M. I. 1985 . Ocean carbon pumps: analysis of relative strengths and efficiencies in ocean-driven atmopsheric CO2 changes . Geophys. Monogr . 32 , 99 – 110 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  45. Wanninkhof , R. 1992 . Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean . .1. Geophys. Res . 97 ( C5 ), 7373 – 7382 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  46. Wanninkhof , R. H. and Thoning , K. 1993 . Measurement of fugacity of CO2 in surface water using continuous and discrete sampling methods . Mar. Chem . 44 , 183 – 204 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  47. Weiss , R. F. 1974 . Carbon dioxide in water and seawater: the solubility of a non-ideal gas . Mar. Chem . 2 , 203 – 205 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  48. Weppemig , R. , Schlosser , P. , Khatiwala , S. and Fair-banks , R. G. 1996 . Isotope data from Station Weddell: implications for deep water formation in the Weddell Sea. J . Geophys. Res . 101 ( C10 ), 25723 – 25739 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v51i3.16460 | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 679 - 687
Submitted on: Jan 21, 1998
Accepted on: Aug 15, 1998
Published on: Jan 1, 1999
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 1999 M. H. C. Stoll, H. J. W. De Baar, M. Hoppema, E. Fahrbach, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 51 (1999): Issue 3
Previous article
Next article