Modelled and observed sea surface fCO2 in the southern ocean: a comparative study
References
-
Bainbridge
, A. E. 1981. Geosecs Atlantic expedition: hydrographic data, vol. 1 , 120 pp. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. -
Bakker
, D. C. E., De Baar, H. J. W.and Bathmann, U. V. 1997. Changes of carbon dioxide in surface waters during spring in the Southern Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. J., 91– 127. -
Bakker
, D. C. E. 1998. Process studies of the air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide in the Atlantic Ocean. PhD Thesis , Rijksuniveriteit Groningen, The Netherlands, 220 pp. -
Boutin
, J.and Etcheto, J. 1997. Long-term variability of the air-sea CO2 exchange coefficient: Consequences for the CO2 fluxes in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 453– 470. -
Broecker
, W. S., Spencer, D. W.and Craig, H. 1982. Geosecs Pacific expedition: hydrographic data, vol. 3, 137 pp. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. -
Ciais
, P., Tans, P. P., Trolier, M., White, J. W. C.and Francey, R. J. 1995. A large northern hemisphere ter-restrial CO2 sink indicated by the “C/12C ratio of atmospheric CO2. Science, 1098– 1101. -
Conway
, T. J., Tans, P. P., Waterman, L. S., Thoning, K. W., Kitzis, D. R., Masarie, K. A.and Zhang, N. 1994. Evidence for interannual variability of the carbon cycle from the National Oceanic and Atmo-spheric Administration/Climate Monitoring and Dia-gnostics Laboratory global air sampling network. J. Geophys. Res., 22831– 22855. -
Denning
, A. S., Fung, I. Y., and Randall, D. 1995. Latitud-inal gradient of atmospheric CO2 due to seasonal exchange with land biota., 240– 243 -
Francey
, R. J., Tans, P. P., Allison, C. E., Enting, I. G., White, J. W. C. and Trolier, M. 1995. Changes in oceanic and terrestrial carbon uptake since 1982., 326– 330 -
Gargett
, A. E. 1991. Physical processes and the mainten-ance of nutrient-rich euphotic zones. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36, 1527– 1545. -
Gloersen
, P., Campbell, W. J., Cavalieri, D. J., Comiso, J. C., Parkinson, C. L.and Zwally, H. J. 1992. Arctic and Antarctic sea ice, 1978-1987: satellite passive-microwave observations and analysis. SP-511, Nat. Aeron. and Space Admin., Washington, DC. -
Gordon
, A. L.and Huber, B. A. 1990. Southern Ocean winter mixed layer. J. Geophys. Res., 11655– 11672. -
Goyet
, C.and Poisson, A. 1989. New determination of carbonic acid dissociation constants in seawater as a function of temperature and salinity. Deep-Sea Res. 36, 1635– 1654. -
Goyet
, C., Millero, F. J., Poisson, A.and Shafer, D. K. 1993. Temperature dependance of CO2 fugacity in sea-water. Mar. Chem. 44, 205– 219. -
Hoppema
, M., Fahrbach, E., Schroder, M., Wisotzki, A.and De Baar, H. J. W. 1995. Winter-summer differ-ences of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the Weddel Sea surface layer. Mar. Chem. 51, 177– 192. -
Houghton
, J. T., Meira Filho, L. G., Callander, B. A., Harris, N., Kattenberg, A.and Maskell, K.(eds.) 1996. Climate change 1995 - The Science of Climate change: contribution of Working group I to the Second Assess-ment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. -
Keeling
, C. D., Piper, S. C.and Heimann, M. 1989. A three-dimensional model of atmospheric CO2 trans-port based on observed winds: 4. Mean annual gradi-ents and interannual variations. In: Aspects of Climate Variability in the Pacific and the Western Americas(ed. D. H.. Geophys. Monogr. 55, AGU, Wash-ington, DC, 305– 363. -
Keeling
, C. D., Whorf, T. P., Wahlen, M.and Van der Plicht, J. 1995. Interannual extremes in the rate of rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide since 1980. Nature, 666– 670. -
Keeling
, R. F., Najjar, R. P., Bender, M. L.and Tans, P. P. 1993. What atmospheric oxygen measurements can tell us about the global carbon cycle. Global Bioge-ochem. Cycles, 37– 67. -
Levitus
and Boyer, T. P. 1994. World Ocean Atlas 1994. Vol. 4: Temperature. NOAA ATLAS NESDIS, 117 pp. -
Levitus
, Burgett, R.and Boyer, T. P. 1994. World Ocean Atlas 1994. Vol. 3: Salinity. NOAA ATLAS NESDIS, 99 pp. -
Levy
, M. 1996. Modelisation des cycles biogéochimiques en Mediterranee nord-occidentale: variabilite mésoéch-elle et cycle saisonnier. Doctorat de l'Université Paris 6, PhD Thesis. -
Louanchi
, F. 1995. Etude des variabilites spatio-temporelles de fCO2 a la surface de l'ocean Indien: Processus et quantification . Doctorat de l'Université de Paris 6, PhD Thesis, 234 pp. -
Louanchi
, F., Metzl, N.and Poisson, A. 1996. Modelling the monthly sea surface fCO2 fields in the Indian Ocean. Mar. Chem. 5, 265– 279. -
Masarie
, K. A.and Tans, P. P. 1995. Extension and integration of atmospheric carbon dioxide data into a globally consistent measurement record. J. Geophys. Res., 11593– 11610. -
Metzl
, N., Louanchi, F.and Poisson, A. 1999. Seasonal and interannual variations of sea surface carbon diox-ide in the subtropical Indian Ocean. Mar. Chem., 60, 131– 146. -
Minas
, H. J., and Minas, M. 1992. Net community pro-duction in “High Nutrient-Low Chlorophyll” waters of the tropical and Antarctic oceans: grazing vs. iron hypothesis. Oceanol. Acta, 145– 162. -
Murphy
, P. P., Feely, R. A., Gammon, R. H., Harrison, D. E., Kelly, K. C.and Waterman, L. S. 1991. Assess-ment of the air-sea exchange of CO2 in the South Pacific during austral autumn. J. Geophys. Res., 20455– 20465. -
Olson
, R. J. 1980. Nitrate and ammonium uptake in Antarctic waters.. 25, 1064- 1074. -
Orr
, J. C.. The Ocean Carbon-Cycle Model Inter-comparison Project of IGBP/GAIM. In: Ocean storage of carbon dioxide(ed. B.. IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme, 33– 52. -
Peng
, T.-H, Takahashi, T., Broecker, W. S.and Olafs-son, J. 1987. Seasonal variability of carbon dioxide, nutrients and oxygen in the northern North Atlantic surface water: observations and a model. Tellus, 439– 458. -
Poisson
, A., Schauer, B.and Brunet, C. 1990. MD53/ INDIGO 3. In:. Les publications de la Mission de Recherche des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises, 269 pp., Paris. -
Poisson
, A., Metzl, N., Brunet, C., Schauer, B., Bres, B., Ruiz-Pino, D.and Louanchi, F. 1993. Variability of sources and sinks of CO2 and in the western Indian and Southern Oceans during the year 1991. J. Geophys. Res., 22759– 22778. -
Poisson
, A., Metzl, N., Danet, X., Louanchi, F., Brunet, C., Schauer, B., Brés, B.and Ruiz-Pino, D. 1994. Air-sea CO2 fluxes in the Southern Ocean between 25°E and 85°E. In:(eds. O.et al). Geophysical Monograph 85, AGU, Washington, DC, 273– 284. -
Redfield
, A. C., Ketchum, B. H.and Richards, F. A. 1963. The influence of organisms on the composition of sea-water. In: The sea, vol. 2(ed. M. N.. Wiley-Interscience, New York, 26– 77. -
Reynolds
, R. W.and Marsico, D. C. 1993. An improved real-time global sea surface temperature analysis. J. Climate, 114– 119. -
Robertson
, J. E.and Watson, A. J. 1995. A summer-time sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in the Southern Ocean between 88°W and 80°E. Deep-Sea Res. II, 1081– 1091. -
Sarmiento
, J. L., Orr, J. C.and Siegenthaler, U. 1992. A perturbation simulation model of CO2 uptake in an ocean general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 3621– 3645. -
Sarmiento
, J. L.and Sundquist, E. T. 1992. Revised budget for the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. Nature, 589– 593. -
Sarmiento
, J. L.and Le Quéré, C. 1996. Oceanic carbon dioxide uptake in a model of century-scale global warming. Science, 1346– 1350. -
Stoll
, M. H. C., De Baar, H. J. W., Hoppema, M.and Fahrbach, E. 1998. Early winter pCO2 data revealing undersaturation in the fully ice covered Weddell Sea . Mar. Chem., in press. -
Takahashi
, T., Olafsson, J., Goddard, J. G., Chipman, D. W.and Sutherland, S. C. 1993. Seasonal variation of CO, and nutrients in the high-latitude surface oceans: a comparative study. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 843– 878. -
Takahashi
, T., Feely, R. A., Weiss, R. F., Wanninkhof, R. H., Chipman, D. W., Sutherland, S. C.and Takah-ashi, T. T. 1997. Global air—sea flux of CO,: an estimate based on measurements of air—sea pCO2 difference. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.,, pp. 8292-8299, USA. -
Tans
, P. P., Fung, I. Y.and Takahashi, T. 1990. Observa-tional constraints on the global atmospheric CO2 budget. Science, 1431– 1438. -
Tans
, P. P., Berry, J. A.and Keeling, R. F. 1993. Oceanic “C/12C observations: a new window on ocean CO2 uptake. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 353– 368. -
Taylor
, A. H., Watson, A. J., Ainsworth, M., Robertson, J. E.and Turner, D. R. 1991. A modelling investigation of the role of phytoplankton in the balance of carbon at the surface of the North Atlantic. Global Biogeo-chem. Cycles, 151– 171. -
Wanninkhof
, R. 1992. Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean. J. Geophys. Res. C97, 7373– 7382. -
Weiss
, R. F., Broecker, W. S., Craig, H.and Spencer, D. 1983. Geosecs Indian Ocean expedition, hydrological data, vol. 5, 48 pp., US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v51i2.16340 | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889
Language: English
Page range: 541 - 559
Submitted on: Dec 9, 1997
Accepted on: Sep 25, 1998
Published on: Jan 1, 1999
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 1999 Ferial Louanchi, Mario Hoppema, Dorothée C. E. Bakker, Alain Poisson, Michel H. C. Stoll, Hein J. W. De Baar, Bernard Schauer, Diana P. Ruiz-Pino, Dieter Wolf-Gladrow, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.