From short-range barotropic modelling to extended-range global weather prediction: a 40-year perspective
References
-
Bengtsson
, L. 1973. A three-parameter model for limited area forecasting. Environmental Research Facility, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California. Technical Paper No. 73, 88 p. -
Bengtsson
, L. 1981. Numerical prediction of atmospheric blocking. A case study. Tellus, 19– 42. -
Bengtsson
, L.and J., 1988. Integration of space and in situ observations to study global climate change. BuL Amer. Met. Soc. 69, 1130– 1143. -
Bengtsson
, L. 1989. On the growth of errors in data assimilation systems. In:. European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Seminar, Reading, 5-9 September 1988, vol. 1, pp. 3– 16. -
Bengtsson
, L. 1990. Advances in the numerical prediction of the atmospheric circulation in the extra-tropics. Extratropical Cyclones. The Erik Palmén Memorial Volume, ed.and E.– 127, 194– 217. -
Berghtorsson,
, B. R., S., O.and R., 1955. Routine forecasting with the baro-tropic mode. Tellus, 272– 274. -
Berghtorsson
, P.and B. R., 1955. Numerical weather map analysis. Tellus, 329– 340. -
Bolin
, B. 1999. Carl-Gustaf Rossby. The Stockholm period 1947-1957.. -
Buizza
, R.and T. N., 1995. The singular vector structure of the atmospheric general circulation. J. Atmos. Sci. 52, 1434– 1456. -
Courtier
, P., E., W., G., J., F., J.-N., P., D., C., J., M., J., A., A.and A., 1993. Variational assimilation at ECMWF. ECMWF Research Department Technical Memor-andum 194. -
Dalcher
, A.and E., 1987. Error growth and predictability in operational ECMWF forecasts. Tellus, 474– 491. -
Döös
, B.R.. 1956. Automation of 500 mb forecasts through successive numerical map analyses., 76– 81 -
Gibson
, J. K., P., S., A., A.and E., 1997. ECMWF reanalysis project report series (1) . ERA description. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Read-ing/UK, 72 pp. -
Jarraud
, M.and C., 1984. Extensive quasi-opera-tional comparison between a spectral and a grid-point model. In: Numerical methods for weather prediction. European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Seminar, Reading, 5-9 September 1983,, pp. 61– 111. -
Kalnay
, E., M., R., W., D., L., M., S., G., J., Y., A.and R., 1996. The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bul. Amer. Met. Soc. 77, 437– 471. -
Laursen
, L.and E., 1989. Effects of the damping mechanism in an atmospheric general circulation model. Tellus, 385– 400. -
Leith
, C. E. 1983. Predictability in theory and practice . In: Large-scale dynamical processes in the atmosphere, B. J.and R. P.(eds.). Academic Press, 365– 383. -
Machenhauer
, B. 1977. On the dynamics of gravity oscil-lations in a shallow water model, with applications to normal mode initialization. Contributions to Atmo-spheric Physics, 253– 271. -
Marchuk
, G. I. 1974. Numerical methods in weather pre-diction . N.Y., Academic Press, 277 pp. -
Molteni
, F., R., A.and T. N., 1996. Potential use of the ECMWF Ensemble Predic-tion System: methodology and validation. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 122, 73– 119. -
Palmer
, T. N., R.and F., 1998. Per-formance of the ECMWF ensemble prediction system. ECMWF Workshop on Predictability, 1998. In press. Available from ECMWF. -
Robert
, A. J. 1982. A semi-Lagrangian and semi-implicit numerical integration scheme for the primitive met-eorological equations. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 319– 324. -
Robert
, A. J., Yee, T.-L.and H., 1985. A semi-Lagrangian and semi-implicit numerical integration scheme for multi-level atmospheric models. Mon. Wea. Rev. 113, 388– 394. -
Rossby
, C. G. 1957. Aktuella meteorologiska problem. Svensk Naturvetenskap 1956. Swedish Natural Sci-ence Research Council. Translated into English:. The Rossby Memorial Volume. Rockefeller Institute Press in association with Oxford University Press, New York 1959. -
Staff Members, Inst. of Meteorology, Univ. of Stockholm
, 1954: Results of forecasting with the barotropic model on an electronic computer (BESK). Tellus, 139– 149. -
Tibaldi
, S., A.and A., 1990. Orographic cyclogenesis. Extratropical cyclones. The Erik Palmén Memorial Volume, eds.and E.. 107– 127. -
Wiin-Nielsen
, A. 1985. The scientific problem of medium-range weather prediction. Medium range weather forecasts — the first 10 years. Proceedings of a Seminar to commemorate the 10th anniversary of ECMWF. 22 November 1985, 31– 53. -
Wiin-Nielsen
, A. 1991. The birth of numerical weather prediction . Tellus 43, AB, 36– 52.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v51i1.16257 | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889
Language: English
Page range: 13 - 32
Submitted on: Oct 13, 1998
Accepted on: Oct 30, 1998
Published on: Jan 1, 1999
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 1999 Lennart Bengtsson, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.